Use of15N for fertilizer N recovery and N mineralization studies in semi-arid Kenya

Maize and beans were grown on a ferralsol at Kiboko, Kenya, with up to 120 kg N ha^–1. Within the 10 kg N ha^–1 plots,¹⁵N labelled fertilizer was applied in microplots. There was no significant response in yield to fertilizer N and labelled N recovery was low, being 7.5% or less in one season and 17.7% or less in the second season. Samples of Kiboko soil at four different water contents were incubated and the rate of gross N mineralization over 7 days was calculated, utilizing¹⁵N labelling of the mineral N. Gross N mineralization increased greatly with soil moisture and a fitted relationship between gross N mineralization rate and soil water content was obtained. Using measurements of soil water content at the field site, daily values of the soil N supply by gross mineralization were calculated. On average, modelled gross soil N mineralized could supply much (> 69%) of the N removed from the plots. It is suggested that the lack of response to fertilizer N may be explained by the coincidence of a high rate of N mineralization, and increased crop demand, caused by the onset of rain.     

煤矸石用作农肥的几个问题

通过对平顶山矿区煤矸石的微量营养元素、粒度与酸碱度及煤矸石中的有害元素的分析测定,在综合国内外煤矸石研究资料的基础上,笔者认为平顶山矿区煤矸石可用作农肥。煤矸石的这种用途不仅可获得较大的经济效益,而且还具有明显的社会效益和环境效益。     

有机-无机复混肥料的肥料效应初探

选取鸡粪为有机原料 ,进行发酵与不发酵两种前处理 ,设计 0、30 %、4 0 %、6 0 %和 10 0 % 5种有机氮水平 ,在水稻上连续两年试验。结果表明 ,在 4 0 %水平以下 ,作物产量随有机氮的增加而增加 ,超过 6 0 %产量下降 ,但有后效。氮素表观利用率与有机氮成正相关 ,当有机氮达到 10 0 %时 ,氮素利用率达到 5 3.4 %。随有机氮的增加 ,作物吸收养分向子粒中转移的比例也相应增加     

有机肥在有机无机复混肥中的效果

通过茄子在无肥、商品有机肥、无机复混肥和有机无机复混肥4处理的一次基肥使用试验,对产量、开展度、花蕾数、结果数和单果量考察和统计分析反映出有机无机复混肥与无机复混肥的肥效基本相同;商品有机肥似具有与化肥一样的速效性;要使有机肥发挥肥效,只有增加有机肥使用量;不能期望通过有机无机复混肥中加入少量有机肥来体现有机肥的肥效.     

尿液喷浆造粒--生产复合肥的一种新工艺

介绍了在团粒法工艺的基础上，用尿素熔融尿液或尿素车间二段蒸发器的尿液进行喷浆造粒生产复合肥的改造方案、改造内容、改造效果和投资情况。     

从钛白的副产品生产硫酸钾肥的新工艺研究

通过对钛白生产中的副产品硫酸亚铁的综合利用进行深入研究，提出了萃取法生产硫酸钾的新工艺，分别对萃取铁离子和萃取氯离子的体系进行了系统研究。优化了工艺流程，通过对工业副产品硫酸亚铁的综合利用，可获得较大的经济效益和社会效益。     

尿液喷浆造粒——复合肥生产的一种新工艺

介绍在团粒法工艺的基础上 ,将尿素熔融成尿液或用尿素车间二段蒸发器的尿液进行喷浆造粒生产复合肥的改造方案、改造内容、改造效果和投资情况。     

Studies on the response of ‘Tifblue’ and ‘Woodard’ rabbiteye blueberries to fertilizers

A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of three fertilizer placement methods and 11 fertilizer formulations on plant survival, economics of replanting, yield, and fruit size of two rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) cultivars Tifblue and Woodard. Fertilizer rates were either mixed with the soil under plants (before planting), sidedressed, or half-rate was placed under plants with the other half sidedressed. Fertilizers at planting caused a total of 34% Woodard and 12% Tifblue plants to die as compared to 6% for Woodard and none for Tifblue when no fertilizer was applied. Fertilizer formulas 2-1-1 and 5-10-10 oxide ratios placed under Woodard plants caused 100% mortality whereas Tifblue fertilized with oxide ratios 2-2-2 and 5-10-10 under plants reached the maximum 50% mortality. Splitting fertilizer placement under the side of the plants resulted in less Woodard plant mortality (30%) than placing all the fertilizer under plants (54%). However, plant mortality for the side/under group was not different than sidedressing all fertilizer (23%). A planted hectare in this experiment consisted of 1852 Tifblue and 926 Woodard plants, providing one Woodard plant to pollinate two Tifblue plants. Based on the results obtained, the 5-10-10 fertilizer placed under plants would be expected to cause half the Tifblue (926 plants) and all the Woodard (926 plants) to be replanted. Plant costs alone was estimated to be $2315 with additional replanting costs of $93 for Tifblue and much higher for Woodard. Sidedressing 5-10-10 fertilizer eight weeks after planting would have prevented plant mortality. Placement of various fertilizers under Woodard or Tifblue plants resulted in a significant increase in plant mortality as compared to side placement of fertilizers. Yield loss due to plant mortality increased linearly with the N level of the fertilizers (ranging from 0 to 2) for both cultivars. Woodard fruit size was not affected by fertilizer placement but placing fertilizers under Tifblue plants produced smaller yields with larger fruit than sidedressed plants. Blueberry plants in a virgin acidic soil may experience no reduction in yield if fertilization is completely eliminated.     

A novel shaft-less double suction mini pump

A novel double suction shaft-less mini pump was developed for heat control of small energy systems in this study.The mini pump impeller with an exit diameter of 40 mm was combined with the motor rotor supported by the hybrid dynamic bearing.The specific speed of the pump was 125 min-1 m3 min-1 m.The hydraulic performance of the pump was investigated experimen-tally under four rotational speeds.From the test results,it was recognized that the pump could provide a flow discharge of 5 L/min and head of 1.5 m,w...     

均匀流场中三维陷落腔流激振荡实验研究

针对均匀流场中,三维等高型陷落腔因分离流而产生的流激振荡问题,开展了系列的实验研究.实验过程中,主要考虑来流攻角为0时,流速变化(Re=2.06×105~1.16×106)对三维陷落腔流激振荡特性的影响.同时,分别测量了三维腔体侧壁周向及垂向流体压力,分析了腔体内稳态压力和脉动压力的周口、垂向分布规律及腔口剪切层自持振荡特性.实验结果表明:均匀流场中三维陷落腔内部压力分布复杂,且当雷诺数大于某值时腔体内稳态压力全都呈现出负压,同时腔口随边处存在着较大的脉动压力,且脉动压力随相对高度增加而减小,但腔口导边及侧面处的脉动压力随相对高度增加而增大.剪切层自持振荡频率的无量纲数St数随Re变化为一常数值,但其值略大于气流场中二维陷落腔的St数.