A comparison of different geometrical elements to model fluid wicking in paper-based microfluidic devices

Recently, microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) have outstripped polymeric microfluidic devices in the ease of fabrication and simplicity. Surface tension-based fluid motion in the paper's porous structure has made the paper a suitable substrate for multiple biological assays by directing fluid into multiple assay zones. The widespread assumption in most works for modeling wicking in a paper is that the paper is a combination of capillaries with the same diameter equal to the effective pore diameter. Although assuming paper as a bundle of capillaries gives a good insight into pressure force that drives the fluid inside the paper, there are some difficulties using the effective pore radius. The effective pore radius is totally different from the average geometrical pore radius which makes it impossible to predict wicking in μPADs based on geometrical parameters. In this article, we introduce different analytical and numerical models to investigate the possibility of determining the permeability of the paper, based on geometrical parameters rather than effective parameters. The lattice Boltzmann method is used for numerical simulations. The permeability of each of the proposed models was compared with the experimental permeability. Results indicated that assuming paper as a combination of capillaries and annuluses leads to accurate results that totally depend on average geometrical values rather than effective values. This paves the way for prediction of the fluid wicking only by considering average geometrical pore and fiber diameters.     

Consolidation considering increasing soil column radius for dredged slurries improved by vacuum preloading method

Soil column is often investigated in the improvement of dredged slurries. Different from the smear zone, the soil column forms gradually and has extremely low permeability. This study presents an analytical solution for soil consolidation considering the increasing radius of the soil column and time-dependent discharge capacity. Based on the solution, the influence of the radius' increase on the consolidation behavior is found significant when the soil column has low permeability and large final radius, and the increase of formation time can lead to the increase of consolidation speed and final consolidation degree.     

Corneal topography for pancorneal toric edge rigid gas-permeable contact lens fitting in patients with keratoconus,and differences in age and gender

PurposeTo determine whether pancorneal rigid gas-permeable toric edge contact lenses (pancorneal RGP-CL) fitting could be improved by using non-central corneal shape predictors, and to compare these parameters with respect to age and gender in patients with keratoconus.MethodsThe current study was a retrospective study including patients with clinically evident keratoconus (on videokeratography) from three medical centres located in the Netherlands. Medical history, visual acuity, refraction, and contact lens characteristics were documented. All participants underwent ophthalmic examination including measurement of K-values (steepest, flattest, mean, as a non-central parameter the minimum radius [K-minimum], and all combined) using corneal topography. Fitting of contact lenses was based on the fluorescence pattern as seen during slitlamp examination.ResultsA total of 378 eyes of 218 patients with keratoconus were included. Of these, 257 (68%) were fitted with a pancorneal RGP-CL. The central K-values, K-steep and K-flat, performed well in predicting the base curve radius, though, for pancorneal RGP-CL the non-central K-minimum added most (35.5%) to the total explained variance in base curve radius. Regarding age and gender, women tended to have larger K-values than men. No differences in K-values were found with respect to age.DiscussionWe found that including the K-minimum as a non-central parameter may improve prediction of the best base curve radius for pancorneal RGP-CL and may reduce the number of trial contact lenses. In line with other studies, suggestive evidence was found for a difference in pattern of progression of keratoconus with gender, but not with age.     

带式输送机弯曲段曲率半径的确定

通过输送机平面转弯段的受力分析,改进了平面转弯带式输送机转变处的布置结构,经使用,输送带在运行至弯曲段时能自动进行居中调节,效果较好。     

平面转弯带式输送机技术方案浅析

主要介绍平面转弯带式输送机技术方案的设计计算及实现平面转弯的技术要点,保证托辊具有一定的安装支撑角,构成内曲线抬高角,增大成槽角,对线路进行合理设计,使普通带式输送机实现了平面转弯运行,并确定转弯半径和驱动功率,又用类比法对驱动装置进行了选型。具有良好的推广应用前景。     

顺层钻孔瓦斯抽采半径及布孔间距研究

为合理确定本煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔的布孔间距,通过煤层瓦斯渗流场控制方程、煤体孔隙率和渗透率耦合方程及煤层变形场控制方程,建立了钻孔抽采条件下瓦斯渗流固气耦合数学模型;采用数值模拟计算方法,得出顺层瓦斯抽采钻孔的抽采半径,并推导出瓦斯抽采钻孔布孔间距与单钻孔抽采半径的关系式。以黄岩汇矿15107工作面为应用实例,通过在该工作面进行单钻孔和多钻孔瓦斯抽采试验,求算并验证了抽采半径及布孔间距与抽采半径关系式的正确性,为现场瓦斯抽采提供科学依据。     

腔内元件对激光陀螺光波传输特性的影响

基于光线传输矩阵理论,结合高斯光束特征参数,研究了球面镜曲率半径和腔体长度变化对环形腔子午面和孤矢面内束腰半径的影响.结果表明:两束腰半径均随曲率半径和腔体长度的增大而增大.在此基础上,分析了这种变化对环形腔内光强分布、多横模耦合和光波传输等相位面大小的影响.     

基于窗口的自适应中值滤波算法

滤波窗口是影响椒盐噪声滤除效果的重要因素。针对自适应中值滤波算法(RAMF)的不足,提出了一种基于窗口的自适应中值滤波算法。该算法分为噪声的检测和滤除两部分。在噪声检测部分,主要通过混合窗口检测出准噪声点,将其用窗口中值代替,而其余信号点保持不变。重复此方法,直至所有的准噪声点处理完毕。然后,在噪声滤除部分,主要根据噪声密度选择合适的最大滤波窗口半径,进而实现噪声滤除。最后,为验证算法的有效性开展了仿真研究,仿真结果表明本算法对椒盐噪声的滤除具有很好的效果,增强了图像的清晰度。     

超高层建筑中地上变压器的设置

结合工程案例,比较、分析超高层建筑变配电所的不同设置方案,及其技术经济性,在充分考虑配电干线长度等因素的同时,应考虑项目全寿命周期内配电干线上的电能损耗;并对单台变压器的容量选择、超高层建筑中的变压器运输进行探讨,建议地上部分变压器单台容量不超过1000 kVA为宜。     

大型博览中心供配电系统设计

以苏州国际博览中心为例,介绍大型博览中心项目供配电系统供电电源、变配电所的设置、配电方式及线路敷设方式等设计要点。