基于广义隐马尔可夫模型的PM2.5浓度预测

近年来,以PM_2.5为主要污染物的重霾污染事件频频发生,给我国国民经济和居民健康造成了严重损失。在空气质量尚未得到根本性改善的情况下,对重霾污染的准确预警不仅能使公众合理回避污染危害,还能为政府实施应急管理提供时间裕量。针对影响PM_2.5浓度的前体物及气象因素的非高斯分布特点以及传统隐马尔可夫模型（hidden Markov model,HMM）必须已知隐含状态个数的缺点,采用广义隐马尔可夫模型（generalized hidden Markov model,GHMM）对北京市除去定陵外的11个国控站点2013年1月～2017年1月的PM_2.5浓度进行了预测。结果表明：GHMM对严重污染及以上PM_2.5样本浓度预测准确率显著高于传统连续HMM,但针对中度污染及以下PM_2.5样本浓度的预测准确率接近传统HMM。     

2-(1-H-四唑)-4’-甲基联苯的合成

以2-氰基-4'-甲基联苯(Ⅱ)为原料,与氨基钠反应得到2-脒基-4'-甲基联苯(Ⅲ),该化合物与水合肼发生取代反应得到4'-甲基-[1,1'-联苯]-2-甲酰胺酰肼(Ⅳ),最后在酸性条件下与亚硝酸钠发生闭环反应得到2-(1-H-四唑)-4'-甲基联苯(Ⅰ),总收率达到81%,其结构经1HNMR和MS确证。     

煤气化细灰及其原煤的热解特性与官能团特征

对气流床水煤浆气化细灰和粉煤气化细灰及其原煤的热解特性与官能团特征进行研究,结合工业分析、元素分析、红外光谱(FTIR)方法以及热重-质谱联用(TG-MS)技术,分析了两种气化工艺所得细灰的特性,以及细灰与原煤官能团结构特征的差异。结果表明,气化细灰在经历煤气化过程后仍有部分挥发分未完全分解,细灰中的挥发分含量与其气化工艺有关;煤气化过程中,部分官能团未分解,并可能有部分官能团重排生成了较稳定的含氧化合物等新官能团。     

羽绒棉纤维的性能测试及其静态热性能研究

测试了羽绒棉纤维(细旦涤纶)的直径、纤度、强力,分析了纤维的应力松弛和蠕变性能对时间的依赖性及定伸长变形性,比较了其与木棉纤维的静态热性能,结果表明:羽绒棉纤维纤度平均值为0.8 dtex;60 s内应力松弛和蠕变率增加,对时间依赖性强;羽绒棉纤维的塑性变形率高;与木棉纤维相比,羽绒棉纤维在较高温度区域的导热性比木棉纤维的好,而降温速率明显低于木棉纤维。     

Modification and application of coking coal by alkali pretreatment in wastewater adsorption

Coking coal has been employed for coking wastewater adsorption treatment. The modification and adsorption of coking coal pretreated by alkali solution is discussed and compared in this study. Results demonstrated OH- could react with -COOH, -OH and minerals, which resulted in coal surface variations. As the hydroxide concentration is increased, surface hydrophobility increased and the zeta potential became less negative. A coal sample pretreated by 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution had the highest surface area and pore volume. The adsorption ability of the samples was improved significantly as surface changes. The coal sample pretreated by 0.1 mol/L NaOH solution had the highest adsorption capacity, and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics.     

Mechanically activated catalyst mixing for high-yield boron nitride nanotube growth

ABSTRACT: Boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) have many fascinating properties and a wide range of applications. An improved ball milling method has been developed for high-yield BNNT synthesis, in which metal nitrate, such as Fe(NO3)3, and amorphous boron powder are milled together to prepare a more effective precursor. The heating of the precursor in nitrogen-containing gas produces a high density of BNNTs with controlled structures. The chemical bonding and structure of the synthesized BNNTs are precisely probed by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The higher efficiency of the precursor containing milling-activated catalyst is revealed by thermogravimetric analyses. Detailed X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations disclose that during ball milling the Fe(NO3)3 decomposes to Fe which greatly accelerates the nitriding reaction and therefore increases the yield of BNNTs. This improved synthesis method brings the large-scale production and application of BNNTs one step closer.     

新型橡胶防老剂6PPD合成催化剂

依托对氨基二苯胺和甲基异丁基甲酮一步法合成6PPD的合成工艺,研制出F04型缩合烷基化催化剂。强度试验表明,制备的催化剂使用后强度下降率低、无粉化和使用寿命长。在催化剂作用下,6PPD收率较高,产品合格0过渡期,甲基异丁基甲酮回收率大幅提高。     

脱氢用Pd/C催化剂制备及其工艺优化

采用浸渍法制备了一种脱氢专用Pd/C催化剂,研究了其在四氢咔唑脱氢反应中的应用。利用响应面分析法对Pd/C催化剂制备的pH、炭浆体积和反应时间进行了优化,得出最佳工艺条件:pH=7.86,炭浆体积139.76 mL,反应时间75.70 min,咔唑收率接近100%。     

CaO催化制备碳酸甘油酯

以甘油和碳酸二甲酯为原料,CaO为催化剂合成了碳酸甘油酯。通过正交实验及单因素实验,考察了反应温度、回流温度、碳酸二甲酯用量、催化剂用量、反应时间对反应的影响,确定了优化工艺条件:反应温度75℃,回流温度60℃,碳酸二甲酯与甘油摩尔比2.5∶1,催化剂质量分数0.8%(以原料总质量计,下同),反应时间2h,在该条件下,甘油转化率及碳酸甘油酯收率分别可达97.89%和96.78%。CaO的存储稳定性及重复利用性实验结果表明,CaO虽具有较佳的存储稳定性,但其重复利用性较差,使用1次后活性即显著降低。