硫酸亚铁和富马酸亚铁对母猪及仔猪血液指标的影响研究

将母猪随机分为两个组,分别饲喂添加来源于硫酸亚铁和富马酸亚铁的铁元素150 mg/kg的母猪基础日粮.各组的每窝仔猪出生后选取一半注射牲血素1 ml,另一半则不注射.结果表明:(1)富马酸亚铁组对母猪血液指标的影响较硫酸亚铁组差异不显著.(2)同一组中,注射牲血素的仔猪血液指标均极显著高于未注射牲血素的仔猪.(3)在注射牲血素的情况下,富马酸亚铁组的仔猪各血液指标(红细胞压积除外)均显著高于硫酸亚铁组;在未注射牲血素的情况下,富马酸亚铁组的仔猪各血液指标均极显著高于硫酸亚铁组.     

不同留叶数对烤烟新品种NC297生长及产质量的影响

试验研究了不同留叶数对NC297农艺性状、经济性状和内在化学成分等方面的影响。结果表明,随着留叶数的增加,株高、节距呈逐渐增加趋势,茎围呈递减趋势;留叶数20～22片的株型较好;留叶数对中、下部叶片的长宽影响较小,上部叶片则是随着留叶数的增加而减小。随着留叶数的增加产量呈递增趋势,而均价、上等烟比例、中等烟比例则呈递减趋势;以留叶20～22片／株经济性状最好;留叶数22片／株的化学成分比较协调。     

圆形料管变锥面翻领成型器的研究

通过对简单变锥面翻领成型器模型的研究,引入变锥面翻领成型器数学模型思想,并对其领口交接曲线、肩曲面、边界曲线的通式进行推导,在计算机上对所建模型进行了Pro/E三维仿真验证,为变锥面翻领成型器的后续研究奠定了理论基础。     

食品中菌落总数的国标法测定注意事项及微生物快速测试卡法检测

综述了食品中菌落总数的国标法检测注意事项,并介绍了微生物快速测试卡在菌落总数测试中的应用,指出测试片法将成为未来微生物检测中有前景的手段之一。     

豆干加工的微生物污染途径研究

微生物污染是豆干加工过程中的一种潜在危害,是影响豆干产品质量的主要因素之一.试验通过对豆干各加工环节及主要接触面上的微生物菌落总数的动态监测和分析,确立了豆干生产过程中的微生物污染途径及主要来源,主要是原辅材料(包括原料大豆、生产用水、凝固剂、调味料)、加工用的机械及器具、车间操作人员、车间空气环境等,这将为下一步对豆干加工过程中的微生物污染控制起到重要作用.     

Effect of goat milk composition on cheesemaking traits and daily cheese production

Cheese yield is strongly influenced by the composition of milk, especially fat and protein contents, and by the efficiency of the recovery of each milk component in the curd. The real effect of milk composition on cheesemaking ability of goat milk is still unknown. The aims of this study were to quantify the effects of milk composition; namely, fat, protein, and casein contents, on milk nutrient recovery in the curd, cheese yield, and average daily yield. Individual milk samples were collected from 560 goats of 6 different breeds. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate using the 9-laboratory milk cheesemaking assessment, a laboratory method that mimicked cheesemaking procedures, with milk heating, rennet addition, coagulation, curd cutting, and draining. Data were submitted to statistical analysis; results showed that the increase of milk fat content was associated with a large improvement of cheese yield because of the higher recovery of all milk nutrients in the curd, and thus a higher individual daily cheese yield. The increase of milk protein content affected the recovery of fat, total solids, and energy in the curd. Casein number, calculated as casein-to-protein ratio, did not affect protein recovery but strongly influenced the recovery of fat, showing a curvilinear pattern and the most favorable data for the intermediate values of casein number. In conclusion, increased fat and protein contents in the milk had an effect on cheese yield not only for the greater quantity of nutrients available but also for the improved efficiency of the recovery in the curd of all nutrients. These results are useful to improve knowledge on cheesemaking processes in the caprine dairy industry.     

基于三角模糊数的汉服袖型感性评价北大核心CSCD

为探究消费者对汉服袖型的感性认知,帮助服装设计师更准确地把握消费者心理,文章选取具有代表性的8款汉服袖型,采用语意差异法收集袖型样本在6对感性形容词汇上的感性评价,将其用三角模糊数的形式进行表征,并对模糊评价结果的准确性进行检验。为得到各汉服袖型较为精确的感性评价,文章对三角模糊数进行贴近度分析,并将贴近度的结果作为依据,运用系统聚类的方法将汉服袖型分为4类。研究表明:各汉服袖型因袖宽大小、袖缘线条形状、袖长、袖口形状的不同,感性评价存在一定差异,且最终感性评价结果符合客观认知。经验证可知,利用三角模糊数能够较准确地对汉服袖型进行感性评价。     

Relatedness between numerically small Dutch Red dairy cattle populations and possibilities for multibreed genomic prediction

Red dairy breeds are a valuable cultural and historical asset, and often a source of unique genetic diversity. However, they have difficulties competing with other, more productive, dairy breeds. Improving competitiveness of Red dairy breeds, by accelerating their genetic improvement using genomic selection, may be a promising strategy to secure their long-term future. For many Red dairy breeds, establishing a sufficiently large breed-specific reference population for genomic prediction is often not possible, but may be overcome by adding individuals from another breed. Relatedness between breeds strongly decides the benefit of adding another breed to the reference population. To prioritize among available breeds, the effective number of chromosome segments (M_e) can be used as an indicator of relatedness between individuals from different breeds. The M_e is also an important parameter in determining the accuracy of genomic prediction. The M_e can be estimated both within a population and between 2 populations or breeds, as the reciprocal of the variance of genomic relationships. We investigated relatedness between 6 Dutch Red cattle breeds, Groningen White Headed (GWH), Dutch Friesian (DF), Meuse-Rhine-Yssel (MRY), Dutch Belted (DB), Deep Red (DR), and Improved Red (IR), focusing primarily on the M_e, to predict which of those breeds may benefit from including reference animals of the other breeds. All of these breeds, except MRY, are under high risk of extinction. Our results indicated high variability of M_e, especially between M_e ranging from ～3,500 to ～17,400, indicating different levels of relatedness between the breeds. Two clusters are especially important, one formed by MRY, DR, and IR, and the other comprising DF and DB. Although relatedness between breeds within each of these 2 clusters is high, across-breed genomic prediction is still limited by the current number of genotyped individuals, which for many breeds is low. However, adding MRY individuals would increase the reference population of DR substantially. We estimated that between 11 and 133 individuals from other breeds are needed to achieve accuracy of genomic prediction equivalent to using one additional individual from the same breed. Given the variation in size of the breeds in this study, the benefit of a multibreed reference population is expected to be lower for larger breeds than for the smaller ones.     

基于VNTR技术的食用红甜菜不育系的选育

甜菜在世界糖料作物中占有重要地位,为选育提高育种效率,符合人们期望性状的优良品系,增加甜菜糖产量,分子辅助育种越来越被育种家们重视。而对于受到细胞质基因和细胞核基因控制甜菜雄性不育性的分子标记研究是近年来取得了较大突破。本实验是以食用红甜菜(工大食甜1号)为实验材料,利用数目可变的串联重复序列(VNTR)技术对其细胞质和细胞核育性类型进行鉴定,从中选育出了11株不育型甜菜。通过对其田间鉴定表明,选育的11株甜菜不育率稳定,不育率达到100%。     

斗式提升机的结构分析及改进

分析了粮食行业斗式提升机的发展概况以及目前斗式提升机所存在的一些问题,并有针对性的提出液压自动拉紧装置和头尾轮胀套联接等优化改进措施。