酮苯脱蜡装置用加氢裂化尾油生产优质白油料

加氢裂化尾油经酮苯脱蜡和白土精制工艺可生产高质量润滑油基础油.该基础油具有很好的低温流动性能,且对添加剂感受性好,硫、氮含量低,饱和烃含量高,可以调合中、高档润滑油,制备白油.加氢裂化尾油的综合利用具有明显的经济效益.     

酮苯装置用加氢裂化尾油生产优质白油料

加氢裂化尾油经溶剂脱蜡工艺生产出的高质量润滑油基础油,具有很好的低温流动性能,且对添加剂感受性好,硫、氮含量低,饱和烃含量高,可以调合中、高档润滑油,制备白油,综合利用加氢裂化尾油具有明显的经济效益。     

科技基金奖使用中应遵循的原则

科技创新需要大批高科技人才。正确使用科技基金,是推动石油化工行业高科技人才培养工作的有效手段。以“侯祥麟石油加工科学技术基金奖”评奖使用情况为例,探讨科技基金奖的评奖使用问题。     

不同油藏温度条件下HPAM水解度与黏度变化规律

实验测定了法国SNF公司的AN913(M-=1.72×107,HD=15.0%)、AN923(1.92×107,20.0%)、AN934(2.11×107,31.0%)3种聚合物在驱氧并化学稳定的浓度1.0 g/L的污水溶液中,在180小时热老化过程中水解度和溶液黏度(30℃)的变化。55℃老化的溶液用矿化度2.23 g/L、pH 9.0的下二门油田污水配制,70℃和80℃老化的溶液用矿化度5.33 g/L、pH 9.1的双河油田污水配制。水解度~老化曲线表明油藏条件下HPAM的水解是典型的自阻滞反应,初期水解快速,后期减慢,最终趋于稳定;初始水解度越低则水解越快;温度越高则水解越快且不同水解度聚合物的水解曲线越接近;55℃时的水解仍很明显。溶液黏度~老化时间曲线相似但有所不同:老化初期黏度增加快,达到最高值后维持稳定(55℃和80℃)或缓慢减小(70℃);达到最大黏度的老化时间,55℃下为100天,70℃下为60天,80℃下为30天;水解度越低则黏度增加越快;在70℃老化30天和在80℃老化5天后,AN913溶液的黏度超过AN923和AN934。以3种聚合物溶液黏度对水解度(15%~68%)作图,水解度达到~30%前黏度增大,以后大体稳定,水解度大于60%后略有下降;用HPAM水溶液结构和污水低钙镁含量(26,32 mg/L)解释这一结果。讨论了HPAM水解度对油藏的适应性:在55℃的下二门油藏及70℃和80℃的双河油藏,聚合物驱中分别使用水解度25%~30%、20%~25%、15%~20%的HPAM。图7表1参14。     

超声波探伤在钻杆加厚过渡带检测中的应用

文章介绍了SONIC137型超声波探伤设备的组成、作用及原理。该设备采用超声波检测技术,检测钻杆加厚过渡带壁厚和裂纹类缺陷,通过现场应用,解决了ARTIS-II型漏磁检测设备检测钻杆时加厚过渡带成为盲区的问题。     

Fixed collision rate back-off scheme for collision resolution in wireless networks

This investigation proposes a fixed collision rate (FCR) back-off algorithm for wireless networks. The proposed scheme takes advantage of the central unit (CU) in a wireless network to broadcast a common back-off window size to all the users, significantly alleviating the unfairness of bandwidth utilization in conventional binary exponential back-off (BEB) algorithms. It is shown that, when maximum throughput is achieved, collision rate is almost a constant for any traffic load. In the operation of the FCR, the CU dynamically adjusts the back-off window size to keep the collision rate at a constant level for maximum throughput. Simulation results demonstrate that the unfairness of bandwidth utilization in the BEB is significantly lessened and the throughput can be maintained at e^-1≈0.368 when the number of users approaches infinity. The capture effect even further improves system performance.     

零散天然气化工利用研究

根据零散天然气分散而且量较小的特点对其化工利用的途径进行探讨,提出撬装一步生产尿素、撬装生产甲醇和生产合成油等化工利用途径,并对其技术经济性能进行了估算。     

提高深层稠油蒸汽驱排液能力技术研究

蒸汽驱如何提高井组产液量,使采注比≥1．2是成功的关键,对深层稠油油田蒸汽驱而言更为重要。文章以高升油田蒸汽驱先导性试验为例,蒸汽驱后,油层温度大幅度提高,生产井井底温度高达200℃～300℃,引发出一系列新问题为背景,阐述其形成的原因并在此分析的基础上,针对蒸汽驱采油工艺上的难点和出现的主要问题,开展了相关配套技术研究及部分研究成果试验应用,进而提出了一套适合深层稠油蒸汽驱提高排液能力的方式与方法,为下一步深层稠油蒸汽驱采油工艺技术配套提供依据。     

Farm mechanization leading to more effective energy-utilizations for cassava and yam cultivations in Rivers State, Nigeria

Surveys have been conducted, under the auspices of the Ministry of Agriculture and Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs), in the 23 local-government areas of the Rivers State, Nigeria. A structured questionnaire, personal visits to farms and interactions with information repositories were used. The quantities of energy consumed by tractors used in activities associated with the growing of cassava and yam crops in those areas were compared with traditional operations, using just manual labour. Within the period of 1986–2004, the total energy utilizations in the production of these crops, in the 23 local government areas, were 2738.87 and 33.5 MJ for tractor-power and traditional-manual operations, respectively. The tractorization intensity (TI) dropped from 0.352 hp/ha in 1986 to 0.345 hp/ha in 2004. This result was below the presently advocated 0.5 hp/ha for agricultural operations in order to increase crop production. This study identified the causes of this shortfall and recommended, at least for the short-term future, that farm industrialization of all sectors should be subsidized.     

二氧化碳收集利用与处置技术分析

化石燃料的燃烧是百余年来大气中二氧化碳(CO2)浓度增加的主要原因。CO2的收集和处置则是抑制这一趋势的有效途径。本文通过对现有收集利用和处置技术的分析,认为火电厂是收集CO2的重点考虑对象;CO2用于三次采油及天然气回收在技术上和经济上比较可行;蓄水层储气前景广阔值得研究;深海处置有待进一步探索;CO2用于置换开采天然气水合物也是很有前景的方案。