Size segregation in gas-solid fluidized beds with continuous size distributions

Discrete-particle simulations of a gas-solid fluidized bed are used to investigate the species segregation (de-mixing) behavior of systems with continuous particle size distributions. Both Gaussian and lognormal distributions are investigated over a range of distribution widths, restitution and friction coefficients, and gas velocities. The results indicate that: (i) the average particle diameter decreases as the height within the bed increases, (ii) the level of segregation increases with an increase in the width of the particle size distribution, and (iii) segregation is attenuated as bubbling becomes more vigorous. Furthermore, the shape of the local size distribution (i.e., Gaussian or lognormal) is found to mimic that of the overall size distribution in most regions of the fluidized bed.     

填料-旋流板脱硫塔在净化加压变脱改造中的设计与应用

阐述了以塑料阶梯环填料与带溢流锥双程叶片旋流塔板组合的新型复合脱硫塔的设计开发,其结构特点为旋流板塔板采用了双程叶片结构,溢流装置采用新型带螺旋叶片结构,塔上部设置高2.53m填料层,改进并优化了喷淋装置及气体进、出口结构等。通过实际应用,证明该型脱硫塔在净化加压变换气脱硫工序中的应用是成功的。     

FORCED CONVECTIVE MASS TRANSFER IN ANNULI

Mass transfer in annuli has been critically examined for various flow situations. The overall mass transfer rate depends on the hydrodynamic regions prevailing in the annular channel as well as on its dimensions. Theoretically consistent correlations are proposed and recommended for both developed and developing boundary layers under laminar and turbulent flow conditions.     

基于边缘信息车流量检测方法的研究

针对边缘检测中阈值很难确定导致不能准确提取背景边缘信息的问题,提出一种改进的基于边缘信息车流量检测方法。该方法预先对路况边缘图像作削顶处理获取一个恰当的阈值,从而可以准确地提取背景边缘信息;且在车辆计数过程中,结合固定窗法和浮动窗法二者的优点,设计一种新的浮动窗法进行车辆计数。实验结果表明,该方法在实时性、检测速度、正确率等方面得到很大的改进,能够在不同环境下进行正确有效地车流量检测。     

采用主监视窗扩展技术的增强现实三维注册方法

在增强现实三维注册中,采用重新检测策略时顿卡现象严重。提出一种采用主监视窗扩展技术的增强现实三维注册方法。在检测阶段,引入特征点可信度和主监视窗,并设计主监视窗的分割、扩展和调控策略,大幅提升了计算速度;在跟踪阶段,采用基于图像金字塔的光流算法进行特征点跟踪。实验证明,该方法不仅有效缓解了顿卡现象,也提升了系统整体的实时性。     

聚合物熔体在圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程

在聚合物熔体入口收敛流变中引入纯拉伸流变概念，应用张量理论进行了定量分析，导出了一个描述圆锥口型的挤出胀大方程。研究表明，入口收敛拉伸流变，是取合物熔体产生了强烈的弹性形变，导致了较大的挤出物胀大比。     

基于斜率特征的模拟电路故障诊断新方法

针对低可测性模拟电路存在的模糊组问题,提出一种模拟电路故障诊断新方法。利用不同元件在电路可及节点间的斜率特征关系建立斜率测试矩阵,依据斜率测试矩阵准确找到电路中存在的模糊组和独立可测元件,从而确定可诊断集,然后利用支持向量机对故障进行诊断。斜率法优点在于不需要对电路拓扑结构进行分析,计算简便,支持向量机结构简单,泛化能力强。实验表明该方法具有良好的模拟电路故障诊断效果。     

Transient and steady-state deformations and breakup of dispersed-phase droplets of immiscible polymer blends in steady shear flow

Transient and steady-state deformations and breakup of viscoelastic polystyrene droplets dispersed in viscoelastic high-density polyethylene matrices were observed in a simple steady shear flow between two transparent parallel disks. By separately varying the elasticities of the individual blend components, the matrix shear viscosity, and the viscosity ratio, their effects on the transient deformation, steady-state droplet size, and the breakup sequence were determined. After the startup of a steady shear flow, the viscoelastic droplet initially exhibits oscillations of its length in the flow direction, but eventually stretches preferentially in the vorticity direction. We find that at fixed capillary number, the oscillation amplitude decreases with increasing droplet elasticity, while the oscillation period depends primarily on, and increases with, the viscosity ratio. At steady-state, the droplet length along the vorticity direction increases with increasing capillary number, viscosity ratio, and droplet elasticity. Remarkably, at a viscosity ratio of unity, the droplets remain in a nearly undeformed state as the capillary number is varied between 2 and 8, apparently because under these conditions a tendency for the droplets to widen in the vorticity direction counteracts their tendency to stretch in the flow direction. When a critical capillary number, Ca_c, is exceeded, the droplet finally stretches in the vorticity direction and forms a string which becomes thinner and finally breaks up, provided that the droplet elasticity is sufficiently high. For a fixed matrix shear stress and droplet elasticity, the steady-state deformation along the vorticity direction and the critical capillary number for breakup both increase with increasing viscosity ratio.     

In situ visualization of drop deformation,erosion, and breakup in high viscosity ratio polymeric systems under high shearing stress conditions

In this paper, deformation and breakup under simple shear of single molten polymer drops in a polymer matrix were investigated. Flow visualization was carried out in a Couette‐Flow apparatus under relatively high shear rates and temperatures up to 230°C. Drop/Matrix combinations were composed of polystyrene drops of 0.5–0.6 mm in diameter in polyethylene matrix, and ethylene–propylene copolymer drops of approximately the same size in polypropylene matrix. The deformation and breakup processes were studied under steady state and time‐dependent shearing conditions. Either for steady state or time‐dependant shearing conditions, drop elasticity generated at relatively high shear rates helped the drops to align perpendicular to the flow direction, i.e., parallel to vorticity axis. Also, the most striking non‐Newtonian effects for the high viscosity ratio systems were the surface erosion and the drop splitting mechanisms. The particles eroded off the main droplet surface were very fine, in the range of 10–50 μm, and led to a significant reduction in main drop size before its final breakup. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2582–2591, 2006     

应用炉膛压力诊断气流床气化炉的火焰状态

气化炉是煤气化技术中的关键设备 .气化炉内火焰燃烧稳定性下降 ,会出现燃烧噪音增加、气化燃烧效率降低及熄火等现象 ,对安全性和经济性产生严重的影响 .对气流床气化炉内不同气化燃烧状态下的火焰压力信号进行了小波分析 .结果表明 ,压力信号在一定频段内的分布与气化炉内火焰燃烧的状态密切相关 ,发现随着火焰燃烧稳定性加强 ,气化炉内压力信号向高频方向移动 ,以此可以建立气流床气化炉燃烧诊断模型 .