一种汽轮机组排汽焓和最优初压在线计算方法

通过对已往的汽轮机变工况计算方法的分析,提出了以汽轮机末级抽汽或次末级抽汽(过热蒸汽状态)为计算起点的汽轮机顺序变工况核算方法。根据初始假定的末级流量和现场实际的末级前热力状态和背压,用汽轮机变工况流型判别准则,判别级的流型,然后从末级前参数开始顺序进行一次级的变工况核算,得到新的排汽焓,最后算得机组热耗率和排汽焓。以此方法为变工况计算的基础,并利用系统分析方法,建立了在线确定单元机组最优运行初压的数学模型。为火电机组的优化运行提出了一种新思路。     

基于有限体积法的G4-73型离心风机三维流场数值模拟

基于有限体积法,利用Fluent软件对G4-73型离心风机内部流场进行了全三维数值模拟。结果表明:蜗壳内的低能流体区沿轴向朝流动方向推进;叶轮内的静压和动压在叶片吸力面靠近叶轮进口处最低,叶轮流道中动压等值线呈"凸"型分布,在叶片压力面靠近叶轮出口处静压和动压达到最大值,且叶轮出口相对总压损失集中在吸力面和前盘侧。     

浅谈运营商异常流量清洗手段的部署和运用

随着互联网的高速发展,其已经渗入到人们生活的方方面面,对经济和社会有着重大的影响。但近年来出现了大量的DDoS攻击事件,给互联网带来了很大冲击,严重影响了业务的可用性、用户的感知,以及给营运商造成了重大经济损失。在大流量的DDoS攻击面前,传统的安全防护设备显得那么无能为力,如何有效抵御DDoS攻击是每个运营商无法回避的难题。在深入分析DDoS攻击特征的前提下,探索性地将异常流量清洗设备引入到运营商的网络中,并成功防御了多次DDoS攻击事件,为解决难题指出了一条可行道路。     

基于倒排列表的网流索引检索与压缩方法

随着计算机的广泛应用以及互联网的飞速发展,互联网流量呈现爆炸式增长的态势。为了应对日益严重的网络滥用以及网络安全事件,出于安全取证的需要,必须对互联网流量进行收集、存储和分析。互联网流量的监控需要及时统计网络流量的源地址、目的地址、源端口、目的端口、协议、时间戳等信息,以便进行流量统计和综合分析。但是网络流量信息是海量的,如何快速检索相关流量是一个挑战性问题。在搜索引擎中,为了处理海量数据检索,倒排索引是快速搜索技术的关键方法。文章把搜索引擎中的倒排索引方法和索引压缩算法应用到互联网网流信息检索中。通过实验测试和验证,在网流信息检索中,倒排索引以及索引压缩算法能够有效提高检索速度。     

一种应用于隔爆试验装置中的新型自动配气系统

针对应用于隔爆试验装置中的传统配气方法存在配气速度慢、系统体积较大的问题,设计了一种基于质量流量法的自动配气系统。该系统采用质量流量控制器精确控制多种不同气体的流量,输出的多种气体经混合装置均匀混合后,由O2分析仪和H2分析仪实时监测混合气体的体积分数。测试结果表明,该配气系统配气速度快、结构简单,配制的多种气体体积分数精度能满足GB 3836.2—2010的要求。     

Bubble size effect on low liquid input drift-flux parameters

We investigated the effect of bubble size on the drift-flux parameters at low liquid flow conditions by measuring the radial profiles of void fraction and phase velocities in a vertical bubbly pipe flow of diameter and height . To study the effect of the bubble size we used two different types of bubble inlets. We measured the local bubble fraction and velocity U_g by using single and four-point-optical fibre probes, and we used Laser Doppler Anemometry to determine the liquid velocity U_l. The distribution parameter C₀ and the weighted mean drift velocity |U_drift| were directly computed from the local measurements at a height on our experimental set-up. Both parameters were influenced by the bubble size. Provided no liquid flow reversal occurred at the near wall region, the distribution parameter reached a below unity minimum plateau value of C₀=0.95 for wall peaking void fraction profiles. At low liquid input conditions both the liquid input and bubble size had an influence on the distribution parameter. Extreme values such as C₀>2 were measured. From these measurements we developed models for the drift-flux parameters to take into account the effect of bubble size and input-flow conditions for our intermediate pipe diameter value. These models were tested and validated with separately collected experimental data.     

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of spouted bed: Influence of frictional stress, maximum packing limit and coefficient of restitution of particles

Following the previous article [Du, W., Bao, X., Xu, J., Wei, W., 2006. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of spouted bed: assessment of drag coefficient correlations. Chemical Engineering Science 61 (5), 1401-1420], this contribution describes the influences of the frictional stress, maximum packing limit and coefficient of restitution of particles on CFD simulation of spouted beds. Using the two-fluid method embedded in the commercial CFD simulation package Fluent 6.1, the spouting hydrodynamics of a cylindrical-conical spouted bed was simulated and verified with the experimental data of He et al. [He, Y.L., Lim, C.J., Grace, J.R., Zhu, J.X., Qin, S.Z., 1994a. Measurements of voidage profiles in spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 72 (4), 229-234; He, Y.L., Qin, S.Z., Lim, C.J., Grace, J.R., 1994b. Particle velocity profiles and solid flow patterns in spouted beds. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering 72(8), 561-568]. The results showed that, for coarse particles, the frictional stress is important only for the annulus computation and has no obvious effects on the hydrodynamics of the solids flow in the spout region. The specification of the maximum packing limit could significantly affect the properties of the pseudo-fluid phase of the particles by changing the radial distribution function. The strong dependence of the pseudo-fluid properties of the particle phase, such as pressure, bulk viscosity and shear viscosity, on the granular temperature accounts for the influence of the coefficient of restitution of particles on CFD modeling. The solids volume fraction at loose packing state is suitable for spouted bed simulations, and a pretest of the coefficient of restitution of particles must be conducted when no experimental datum is available.     

Synthesis of Polyacrylate／Polysiloxane Copolymer and Its Damping Performance

The copolymer of polyacrylate/polysiloxane for vibration damping materials was synthesized through emulsion polymerization. The effects of the amount of methyl methaerylate (MMA),polysiloxane containing vinyl, initiator and emulsifier on the conversion, stability of polyacrylate/polysiloxane emulsion were discussed when the emulsion was prepared by pre-emulsifying half continuous method. The graft copolymer has good vibration damping performance. The widest glass transition region of the copolymer spans 100℃, and the highest value of tan8 reached 2.0. The glass transition of the samples was examined by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The vibration damping performance of the graft copolymer was affected by the amount of poly-vinyl dimethylsiloxane (PVMS).     

A class of discontinuous dynamical systems IV. A laboratory air-water system

An air-water experimental system consisting of two inlets and one outlet is constructed and characterised. It reaches the state of sliding mode, or equivalently, two phase slug flow. The linear hydraulic model proposed in the literature is adequate to describe it. Experimental data are used to tune this model. The resistance to the flow of air through the outlet valve during the two phase flow is much larger than that when air alone flows out. At the operating range, the resistance to water flow is not affected by the presence of air.     

空间晶体生长流体效应的实验研究和理论分析

在空间晶体生长实时观察装置上，利用溶液中形成的铌酸钾微晶作示踪粒子，首次在空间高温氧化物熔液内，实时观察和记录了空间表面和力对流效应。利用测量的结果计算了熔体内空间表面张力对流的速度场，并与地面表面张力对流的速度场进行了对比，理论计算与实验结果基本吻合。探讨了空间均匀分布铌酸钾微晶的形成机理。结果表明：表面张务对流在空间晶体生长过程中起主要作用，是形成均匀分布胞状晶体的主要机理。