A novel attractant for Mexican fruit fly,Anastrepha ludens,from fermented host fruit

Chemicals from fermented chapote fruit were identified and evaluated as attractants for hungry adult Mexican fruit flies in laboratory and greenhouse bioassays. Twenty-eight chemicals identified from an attractive gas-chromatography fraction were as attractive as a chapote volatiles extract (CV) when mixed in the same amounts found in CV. Sixteen of the chemicals were slightly attractive to flies when tested individually. A mixture containing 15 of the chemicals by design and the 16th as an impurity, in arbitrary concentrations, was at least as attractive as the original CV. In a series of experiments, the number of chemicals was reduced to three by elimination of unnecessary components. The three-component mixture retained the attractiveness of the 15-component mixture. The three chemicals were 1,8-cineole, ethyl hexanoate, and hexanol (CEH). Attractiveness of the three-chemical mixture was equal to the sum of the attractiveness of the three individual components, suggesting that each chemical binds to a different receptor type that independently elicits partial attraction behavior. Optimal ratios were 1011 of the three chemicals, respectively. Optimal test quantities ranged between 0.4–4g of 1,8-cineole and 40–400 ng each of ethyl hexanoate and hexanol applied to filter paper in the laboratory bioassays. A neat 1011 mixture of the chemicals was 1.8 times more attractive than aqueous solutions ofTorula dried yeast and borax to starved 2-day-old flies when the lures were tested in competing McPhail traps in a large greenhouse cage.Diptera: Tephritidae.     

Aspects of moisture kinetics of coal bottom ash in concrete

The moisture kinetics aspects of composite granular material samples composed of natural sand and bottom ash (BA) from thermoelectric power stations and the use of this material in the production of durable concretes, in relation to water transport, are here discussed. The evaluations of the phenomenon of water absorption by capillarity and the loss of water through air drying until hygroscopic equilibrium, were carried out in accordance with classic procedures found in the literature and also newly developed procedures. The results showed that due to the high porosity of BA, the water absorption by capillarity along with the absorption velocity were higher in the compositions with greater BA content. The values for moisture equilibrium from air drying, absorption from capillarity and sorptivity obtained in the hygroscopic equilibrium tests, carried out on the same samples after absorption, were also higher in the samples with BA. These samples also requited a longer drying time.     

锌灰制备活性氧化锌新工艺

以炼锌厂废锌灰为原料，经硫酸浸取制备活性氧化锌，考察了工艺条件对锌浸出率的影响。实验结果表明：锌灰在50℃浸取，酸用量40g／L，可使锌的溶出率达92．8％。碱式碳酸锌最佳水解温度为40℃，水解时间为2h，pH为7．5时，溶液中锌质量浓度为10g／L，得到96％以上的水解率。采用该工艺制得的氧化锌符合HG／T2572-1994。     

海工高性能混凝土用复合胶凝材料的试验研究

在调查分析海工混凝土工程实例的基础上，试验研究了硅酸盐水泥中掺入矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等混合材料对海工混凝土性能的影响。研究结果表明，在硅酸盐水泥中掺加矿粉、粉煤灰、硅灰等混合材料可以改善海工混凝土的综合性能。矿物混合材料的复合掺入比单独掺入能更好地改善混凝土抗Cl^-侵蚀性能。海工专用复合胶凝材料生产时宜尽可能地采用多种混合材料。     

粉煤灰吸附特性研究

在粉煤灰理化特性分析的基础上,对粉煤灰进行了物理激发和化学激发.研究结果表明：物理激发和化学激发均能提高粉煤灰的吸附活性.化学激发方法在反应温度为90℃、反应时间为12h、灰钙比为5、水固比为15时,粉煤灰的吸附活性提高最大.     

硫酸盐腐蚀粉煤灰混凝土后强度超声检测评定

为进一步研究混凝土受硫酸盐侵蚀的机理,以粉煤灰混凝土为研究对象,在高浓度硫酸盐溶液中进行加速腐蚀,并结合受硫酸盐腐蚀后混凝土强度变化规律,采用超声平测法对受腐蚀混凝土进行检测．研究结果表明,超声平测声速与损伤度之间有较好的回归关系．在此基础上,建立了腐蚀混凝土强度与声速之间的关系模型．     

脱硫渣用于加气混凝土生产的试验研究

通过对邯郸市某电厂脱硫渣的化学组成及稳定性分析,探讨脱硫渣掺量对制品性能的影响,试图将脱硫渣替代石膏和部分粉煤灰用于加气混凝土的生产。试验结果表明:当脱硫渣掺量为10%时,能有效的抑制加气混凝土的前期发气速度,而且通过适当延长发气时间,可使气孔分布更为均匀,其制品干体积密度和强度均满足加气混凝土砌块要求;当掺量超过15%时,由于脱硫渣自身的活性低,制品变得脆而易爆裂;若脱硫渣单一代替石膏作为缓凝剂,则缓凝效果较差。     

变速积分增量式PID在气力除灰控制系统中的应用

针对除灰系统运行过程中管道内灰量的变化引起电机负载变化导致物料不能被顺利输送的问题,将增量式PID控制技术引入气力除灰控制系统中.根据偏差大小对控制系统的影响,设计了变速积分增量式PID控制器.通过仿真驱动电机转速与时间的响应曲线,对于变速积分增量式PID控制器达到匀速的时间为0.3s,在快速性和稳定性上都明显优于传统PID控制器.     

掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能研究

对掺固硫灰干粉砂浆的性能进行了研究。讨论了固硫灰细度、掺量及与粉煤灰复掺对干粉砂浆工作性能、力学性能和膨胀性的影响。结果表明：经预处理固硫灰可以应用于干粉砂浆中,且掺量为10%时效果最佳。固硫灰与粉煤灰等矿物掺合料复掺可以改善干粉砂浆性能。     

粉煤灰制备沸石负载氧化铜处理酸性大红GR废水

以粉煤灰为原料,用碱熔-水热合成法制备沸石并负载氧化铜处理酸性大红GR废水。采用正交试验法考察了m（灰）/m（碱）比、m（灰）/m（水）比、煅烧温度和晶化时间对出水中色度和COD指标的影响,并确定了沸石制备的最佳工艺条件为m（灰）/m（碱）比1.2：1、m（灰）/m（水）比1：9,焙烧温度500℃和晶化时间10 h。将最佳条件下制备的沸石负载氧化铜并与过氧化氢联合催化氧化处理酸性大红GR废水,获得了满意的结果：出水中色度和COD指标达到25（稀释倍数）和105 mg.L-1,分别低于纺织染整工业污染排放标准GB 4287—92规定的一级和二级排放标准。制备的沸石经XRD表征,确定为NaA型沸石相。