Grain dependence of ferroelectric domain switching on SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films observed by Kelvin probe force microscope

We have studied grain-shape dependence of Kelvin probe force microscopy of SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ thin films on epitaxial La_0.5Sr_0.5CoO₃/LaAlO₃ substrates. By changing the growth condition in pulsed laser deposition, we have grown the SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ thin films with various grain shapes. The shape and the orientation of SrBi₂Ta₂O₉ the thin films with various growth conditions have been analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The large number of the long rectangular grains was observed accompanied with relatively larger (220) peaks than other peaks. From the Kelvin probe force microscope study, it has been observed that the long rectangular grains showed characteristics of easy ferroelectric domain switching at a low writing bias and weaker influence of surface charges.     

Nanoindentation and nanomachining characteristics of gold and platinum thin films

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and an experimental method were carried out to study the effects of applied load, hold time, and temperature on nanoscratching and nanoindentation of gold and platinum thin films. The simulated results showed that the wear depth of gold decreased as the scratching velocity was increased and the temperature was decreased. The results also indicated that when the simulated nanoindentation of gold film hold time was increased, the plastic indentation depth and the plastic energy both increased. In addition, the experimental results showed that the groove depth for gold films was larger than that of platinum films under the same machining load. The wear depth and the surface roughness of platinum films were larger than those of gold films under the same lateral machining feed. Furthermore, the simulated plastic energy of gold films was compared during nanoindentation test.     

Machinability of Metal Matrix Composites Reinforced by 3-D Network Structure

Metal matrix composites reinforced by three-dimensional (3-D) continuous network structure reinforcement (3DCNRMMC) are difficult to machine due to serious tool wear and poor surface roughness caused by the brittle and hard reinforcement which interpenetrate into ductile matrix. In order to achieve the approach of low cost of 3DCNRMMC, the machinability of it needs to be understood. The influences of three cutting parameters and volume fraction of reinforcement on cutting force were analyzed in detail. The results indicate that: (1) Due to the brittle phase(s) introduced into ductile matrix of composites, there is a large fluctuation of cutting force causing deterioration of machinability. The fluctuation ranges of cutting forces, initially increase rapidly with the increase of volume fraction of reinforcement and then decrease finally, are largest at the range of the volume fraction of 55–65%; (2) The influence of cutting parameters on cutting force is obvious. With the increases of cutting speed, cutting force decreases gradually unless cutting speed exceeds the value of 209 m/min. Cutting forces increase with increasing feed rate and depth of cut; (3) Owing to the large fluctuation of cutting force, there were some cratered surfaces caused by Si₃N₄ reinforcement pulling-out and flaking-off. Some brittle phase protruding from the machined surface caused the deterioration of machined surface.     

Stress intensity factors of an inclined elliptical crack near a bimaterial interface

In this paper the stress intensity factors are discussed for an inclined elliptical crack near a bimaterial interface. The solution utilizes the body force method and requires Green’s functions for perfectly bonded semi-infinite bodies. The formulation leads to a system of hypersingular integral equation whose unknowns are three modes of crack opening displacements. In the numerical calculation, unknown body force densities are approximated by using fundamental density functions and polynomials. The results show that the present method yields smooth variations of stress intensity factors along the crack front accurately. Distributions of stress intensity factors are presented in tables and figures with varying the shape of crack, distance from the interface, and elastic modulus ratio. It is found that the inclined crack can be evaluated by the models of vertical and parallel cracks within the error of 24% even for the cracks very close to the interface.     

三槽永磁直流电机磁振动力的有限元分析

针对目前小型永磁直流电机中普遍存在的机壳不对称开孔问题,利用有限元方法计算了在机壳开孔和不开孔两种情况下电机磁振动力的大小,并进行了比较；从定量分析的角度揭示了机壳不对称开孔问题对电机运行性能带来的影响,为进一步解决该问题提供了一种可行的分析方法。     

无轴承异步电动机的有限元分析

阐述无轴承异步电动机径向悬浮力产生原理及其数学模型。用有限元方法分析了无轴承异步电动机气隙磁场分布状况及径向悬浮力与绕组中电流之间的非线性关系，为无轴承异步电动机获得最大径向悬浮力的优化设计及对应的控制策略提供了依据。     

无轴承永磁同步电机有限元分析

无轴承永磁电机径向悬浮力与电机绕组结构、永磁体厚度及悬浮力绕组中电流等存在着复杂关系，研究这些关系对电机优化设计具有重要参考价值。该文在介绍了无轴承永磁同步电机径向悬浮力产生原理基础上，推导了径向悬浮力数学模型。用有限元分析和计算方法，讨论了无轴承永磁同步电机在定子绕组相应等效电流作用下，改变径向悬浮力绕组中的电流，电机气隙磁路分布状况；在电机气隙不变，改变永磁体厚度，计算和分析了径向悬浮力与永磁体厚度之间的关系；在电机转矩绕组极对数pM=2不变的情况下，对径向悬浮力绕组采用一对极pB=1和三对极pB=2方式绕制，计算和比较产生的径向悬浮力和麦克斯韦力大小。对pM=2，pB=3的实验样机，在静态悬浮状态下，测试了径向悬浮力和径向悬浮力绕组电流之间的关系，实验结论验证了ANSYS软件计算结果的正确性。     

结冰导线舞动机制分析

应用稳定性理论并结合线路的实际工况分析了结冰导线的舞动机制。经研究发现:气动升力曲线初始斜率为负且其绝对值足够大时,结冰导线可能发生舞动;气动阻力曲线初始斜率为正且足够大时,结冰导线可能发生舞动;气动力矩曲线初始斜率为正且足够大时,结冰导线可能发生舞动; Den Hartog原理为此结论中的特例。据此结论和对动力学方程的分析得出:结冰导线发生舞动的原因是气动升力曲线初始斜率、气动阻力曲线初始斜率、气动力矩曲线初始斜率可以产生负阻尼或负刚度,从而使得结冰导线吸收风能。     

稍不均匀电场中绝缘子附近导电微粒受力分析

建立稍不均匀电场中绝缘子附近的自由导电微粒所受作用力的2-D计算模型,通过对微粒表面Maxwell应力张量进行计算,得到微粒在电场中所受的静电力。改变电极倾斜角、绝缘子材料以及绝缘子的外形,对影响自由导电微粒运动的因素进行了分析,结果显示通过减小高压电极倾斜角度,减小绝缘子材料的介电常数,并采取合适的绝缘子外形, 可减小微粒受到的向上的静电力和微粒受到的指向绝缘子方向的水平静电力,从而可以减小微粒浮起和附着于绝缘子表面的概率。     

一种改进型无刷直流电机转子位置检测技术

分析了无位置传感器无刷直流电机控制系统中反电势检测方法存在的问题，提出了改进措施，通过检测相电流来确定悬空相，设计了低通滤波器，降低了脉宽调制所引起的高频干扰；针对滤波器的相移,提出了一种既可以补偿滤波器相移又可以检测过零点的检测电路。给出了硬件电路和软件流程。实验证明了这些改进措施的有效性。