仪器化冲击在评测断口剪切面积比例中的应用

根据示波曲线定量给出的特征载荷点分布关系，结合ESIS给出的评测夏比V型冲击断口剪切面积比例(PSF)经验公式，介绍了仪器化冲击试验在估算PSF数值中的具体应用。估算值与实际测量值所进行的误差离散性与置信区间的分析结果表明，选用合适的经验算法可以在试验过程中实时获得高度可靠的PSF结果。与常规光学手工评测技术相比，该方法不依赖于试验者的主观评测经验、不受特定客观试验条件的限制，具有广阔的应用前景，同时也为材料PSF评测以及动态断裂机理的研究提供了一套方便而有效的试验手段。     

Stress intensity factor computation using the method of fundamental solutions: mixed‐mode problems

The method of fundamental solutions is applied to the computation of stress intensity factors in linear elastic fracture mechanics. The displacements are approximated by linear combinations of the fundamental solutions of the Cauchy–Navier equations of elasticity and the leading terms for the displacement near the crack tip. Two algorithms are developed, one using a single domain and one using domain decomposition. Numerical results are given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

全层片状TiAl基合金断裂过程的原位观察

利用ＳＥＭ拉伸台，研究了Ｔｉ－３３Ａｌ－３Ｃｒ－０．５Ｍｏ合金的室温拉伸断裂动态过程。试验结果表明，具有全层片状显微组织的ＴｉＡｌ合金室温断裂韧性较高，归因于合金拉伸过程中裂纹尖端发生分叉致使应力松弛而使裂纹钝化；在变形过程中，主裂纹尖端附近的微裂纹之间形成剪切韧带，剪切韧带韧化是ＴｉＡｌ合金的一种韧化机理。     

Obesity and Bone Health: A Complex Relationship

Recent scientific evidence has shown an increased risk of fractures in patients with obesity, especially in those with a higher visceral adipose tissue content. This contradicts the old paradigm that obese patients were more protected than those with normal weight. Specifically, in older subjects in whom there is a redistribution of fat from subcutaneous adipose tissue to visceral adipose tissue and an infiltration of other tissues such as muscle with the consequent sarcopenia, obesity can accentuate the changes characteristic of this age group that predisposes to a greater risk of falls and fractures. Other factors that determine a greater risk in older subjects with obesity are chronic proinflammatory status, altered adipokine secretion, vitamin D deficiency, insulin resistance and reduced mobility. On the other hand, diagnostic tests may be influenced by obesity and its comorbidities as well as by body composition, and risk scales may underestimate the risk of fractures in these patients. Weight loss with physical activity programs and cessation of high-fat diets may reduce the risk. Finally, more research is needed on the efficacy of anti-osteoporotic treatments in obese patients.     

花岗岩单裂隙中核素迁移的研究

研制了花岗岩单裂隙扩散实验装置,用＾１２５Ｉ、＾１３４Ｃｓ进行了核素扩散实验,求得扩散系数并测定了裂隙表面的放射性活度分布。     

Numerical investigation of fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading

A rock failure process analysis model, RFPA2D code, a two-dimensional numerical code, were proposed. The code not only satisfied the global equilibrium, strain consistent and nonlinear constitutive relationship of rock and soil materials but also took into account the heterogeneous characteristics of rock materials at macroscopic and microscopically level. The failure behavior of tunnel could be simulated by this numerical model. The model could realistically simulate the fracture behavior of tunnel by excavation loading, strength limits, and post peak response for both tension and compression. As the proposed method was used to conduct the stability analysis of tunnel, the safety factor of tunnel was defined as the ratio of actual shear strength parameter to critical failure shear strength parameter. Not only the safety factor of tunnel with specific physics meaning can be obtained, but also the overall failure process and the location of failure surface may also be determined at the same time.     

穿层钻孔起裂注水压力与起裂位置理论

在分析煤层结构和应力场特点的基础上,确定出了穿层钻孔起裂注水压力计算方法,并指出该压力不仅取决于侧向应力系数的大小,而且还取决于组成钻孔围岩的性质,总体表现出在径向上受最弱煤分层的控制,在轴向上则受最弱层理面的控制.在起裂位置上,轴向受控于最弱层理面,在径向上则受控于煤的最小抗拉强度和垂直侧向应力系数.     

P91主蒸汽管道高硬度和低硬度焊缝性能研究

对P91钢的高硬度和低硬度焊缝的冲击功、硬度、断裂韧度和持久强度进行了试验研究,结果表明:硬度高、韧性低的R焊缝具有高的持久强度;硬度低、韧性高的D焊缝具有低的持久强度。材料持久强度的高低与部件的蠕变寿命密切相关。     

压裂水平井裂缝变质量入流与油藏渗流耦合模型研究

综合考虑了水平井筒完井段生产、各条裂缝长度不等、导流能力不同、间距不等、与水平井筒夹角不等以及关于井筒非对称等因素对产量的影响,建立了压裂水平井裂缝分段入流、水平井筒分段入流与油藏渗流的耦合模型.通过实例计算,揭示了水平井筒完井段及裂缝段的入流和压力分布规律,并对各裂缝的产量进行了敏感性分析.结果表明,在裂缝与井筒交点附近,裂缝入流存在局部极大值,且生产压差最大;裂缝之间的水平井筒完井段入流速度存在极大值,在裂缝与井筒交点处压力变化幅度剧增;裂缝半长对外裂缝产量影响程度深,对內裂缝的影响相反.     

克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩压裂改造规律探索

准噶尔盆地克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩储层的压裂改造是其“增储上产”和产能评价的重要手段,然而,储层发育部分连通性不佳的微细裂缝在压裂后易于形成复杂裂缝,包括转向裂缝、鱼刺状小裂缝、不同方位的多裂缝、同方位的多裂缝及纵向上的多裂缝等。为此,利用诊断复杂裂缝的近井筒效应分析技术、压裂施工过程分析技术、压后压力分析技术,进行了10井次的对比分析。结果表明：10口井压裂没有产生大的分支裂缝,但是全都产生了裂缝弯曲,其中有50%为轻微弯曲,20%为中等弯曲,30%为严重弯曲。进而得出了克拉美丽气田石炭系火山岩压裂一般不会产生较大的分支裂缝,但是总会产生不同程度的裂缝弯曲的初步认识。