季冻区公路路基病害与设计研究

吉林省按照公路自然区划隶属于季节性冰冻地区,公路路基面临着±30qC的温度变化．冬季,路基在低温、土质及湿度耦合作用下,容易产生冻胀现象;而春季升温时,由于高温、土质及温度的耦合作用,使路基易产生翻浆现象。我国现行半刚性基层沥青路面的设计规范中,给出16种特殊路基的处理方法,但不包括季冻区路基。本文在大量调查季冻区公路路基病的基础上,提出了对季冻区路基设计补充控制指标的思想．采用这一思路进行季冻区公路设计,则对于路基病害有很强的针对性．     

迷迭香抗植物病原菌活性研究

用滤纸片扩散法和菌丝生长速率法实验研究了迷迭香乙醇提取物对6种植物病原真菌菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明迷迭香乙醇提取物对水稻稻瘟病菌、番茄霜霉病菌、黄瓜枯萎病菌有较好的抑制活性,浓度在5mg／mL以上时,抑菌率达到100％。     

Support technology of deep roadway under high stress and its application

Roadway instability has been a major concern in the fields of mining engineering. This paper aims to provide practical and efficient strategy to support the roadways under high in-situ stress. A case study on the stability of deep roadways was carried out in an underground mine in Gansu province, China. Currently,the surrounding rock strata is extremely fractured, which results in a series of engineering disasters, such as side wall collapse and severe floor heave in the past decades. Aiming to solve these problems, an improved support method was proposed, which includes optimal bolt parameters and arrangement, floor beam layout by grooving, and full length grouting. Based on the modeling results by FLAC3D, the new support method is much better than the current one in terms of preventing the large deformation of surrounding rock and restricting the development of plastic zones. For implementation and verification, field experiments, along with deformation monitoring, were conducted in the 958 level roadway of Mining II areas. The results show that the improved support can significantly reduce surrounding rock deformation, avoid frequent repair, and maintain the long-term stability of the roadway. Compared to the original support, the new support method can greatly save investment of mines, and has good application value and popularization value.     

Mitigation of floor heave in West Kentucky Coal Mine

A West Kentucky mine operation in No. 11 seam encountered floor heave, due to the localized increase in the thickness of the fireclay mine floor. Floor heave has overridden seals installed in two mined out panels. The third seal's location was planned for isolating that area from the Mains. A plan of support has been developed to prevent repetition of the floor heave and related problems outby the seals. The applied ground control measures were successful. An attempt of a 3D numerical modeling was made; thus, it would match the observed behavior of the mine floor and could be used as a design tool in similar conditions. The paper describes sequence of events, an applied mitigation ground control system, and the first stage of numerical modeling.     

软土基坑支护深度滑移线解研究

基于滑移场理论,分析了基坑底部被动滑移区BDE、过渡区BCD和主动滑移区ABC的区域应力状态,推算出基坑底部在假设支护深度为t时的土体极限承载力滑移线解,并以此反算出满足软土基坑抗隆起稳定安全性要求的支护深度。此外,还可求出软土基坑抗隆起稳定性安全系数以应用于抗隆起稳定性验算,并且在均质土前提下,经过简单换算得到与普朗德尔极限平衡理论公式的基坑抗隆起稳定性安全系数k相同的结果。结合工程实例验证了软土基坑支护深度滑移线解和软土基坑抗隆起稳定性安全系数的合理性。     

拱形铜片试样表面的结霜过程

用显微镜观察了作为冷表面的铜片在降温过程中其表面的结霜规律。为了避免试样边缘的霜层生长对观察区域的影响,把试样弯曲成拱形观察其拱峰处的结霜现象。试验表明,初始霜层的形成和后续霜层的生长速率不同。霜层生长过程中除了表面霜枝的回融现象外,外层霜层出现周期性的整体塌陷现象。分析认为,初始霜层的滋生点分布和密度是引起霜层生长速率不同的根源,霜层塌陷是初始松散霜层回融再重组的结果。     

关中平原清代霜雪灾害特点与周期研究

通过对关中平原清代历史文献资料的搜集、整理和小波分析,对该区清代霜雪灾害等级、周期及其成因进行了研究,并恢复了该区清代霜雪灾害发生时的最低气温。结果表明：关中平原清代共发生霜雪灾害34次,其中轻度、中度、重度霜雪灾害分别为2、20、12次;关中平原清代霜雪灾害可分为3个阶段,1644～1733年为第1阶段,1734～1823年为第2阶段,1824～1912年为第3阶段;第1和第3阶段为霜雪灾害多发阶段,以中度和重度灾害为主,第2阶段为霜雪灾害少发阶段,以轻度和中度灾害为主;小波分析表明,关中平原清代霜雪灾害的发生存在不同的时间周期规律,其周期主要有9～15年、13年、34年左右和40年左右;降雪或寒流引起的气温骤降至0℃以下是造成关中平原清代霜雪灾害的主要原因;关中平原清代轻度和中度霜雪灾害的气温范围为-6.4℃～-1℃,重度的气温范围一般为-19℃～-17℃;关中平原清代共发生3次寒冷气候事件,分别为1690～1692年、1861～1865年和1893～1895年。     

淮南顾桥矿东风井人工冻土力学性能试验分析

淮南顾桥煤矿东风井采用冻结法施工,为了提供表土层冻结参数以进行矿井设计,本文对风井井筒孔检查孔所取土样进行了人工冻结的单轴抗压强度、冻胀性能以及结冰温度试验研究,得到了其应力-应变、冻胀力和结冰温度等参数,试验结果为淮南类似矿井建设提供了设计基础.     

采空区底板底臌测量技术的研究

将"隐蔽工程中点位高程动态测量装置"应用于采空区内底板岩层底臌测量.结合采区内的环境条件,分析了采空区温度升高造成测量装置内的液态水膨胀,仪器布置中存在的观测管内液体蒸发,连接管路变形等因素产生的测量误差来源,并考虑相应措施进行处理.分析结果表明,测量装置内的水膨胀无法忽略,当采空区遗煤无自燃倾向时,在20℃温差影响下,通过调整仪器参数,底板岩层底臌值测量误差可以控制在3~4 mm.经采场实地测量可知,该仪器可以承受采空区内复杂环境的影响,能够测得底板岩层的底臌值.     

长春地区公路路基土冻胀敏感性因素分析

以吉林省内3条干线公路路基土为研究对象,研究土(粒度成分、矿物成分、盐分,尤其是微观结构、土体密度)、水分、温度及荷载对冻胀的影响.通过室内物理化学试验、冻胀试验、SEM图片测试分析及野外长期观测,获得大量数据.分析表明:路基土具备冻胀的优势条件;亲水性强的黏土矿物含量越高未冻水含量越少,不利于冻胀;土体起始冻胀含水率随压实度增大而减小,压实度相同时,粉质黏土起始冻胀含水率大于黏土;压实度对冻胀影响有一个敏感值,研究区此值为95％;0～-5℃是产生水分迁移的主要温度;研究区路基土具团聚结构,单元体排列不定向.颗粒之间微孔隙发育,为毛细水上升提供有利通道,也为结合水提供赋存空间;以上结果为长春地区道路冻害防治提供理论依据.