Management of floor heave at Bulga Underground Operations – A case study

This paper presents an overview of the floor heave management at the Glencore Bulga Underground Operations and investigates the contributing factors to the behaviour of the floor. The mine experienced a number of major floor heave events in gateroads on development. As the longwall face approached the roadways, the magnitude of floor heave frequently increased, while new floor heave also developed.Furthermore, severe floor heave events took place along the longwall face. The most observed failure mode was buckling. While regular floor measurements were conducted to better understand the nature of the phenomenon, and various measures were considered to control the deformation of floor, the mining height was increased for the predicted floor heave domains, which facilitated effective management of the floor issues. The experience in the mine indicates that mainly high horizontal stresses with greater depths of cover and certain types of floor lithology configuration are likely to contribute to the failures of floor strata.     

道面结构不均匀冻胀模型试验及数值模拟

为更好地揭示道面结构内部温度场、水分场和冻胀量的基本规律,为防治道面结构不均匀冻胀病害提供有效的理论依据,自主设计了道面结构不均匀冻胀模型试验箱,开展了外部水分入渗道肩和道面结构不均匀冻胀模型试验,基于ABAQUS的二次开发实现了道面结构内部水热力三场耦合数值模拟,并将数值模拟结果与模型试验结果进行了对比分析.结果表明:模型试验直观地模拟了跑道与道肩冻胀错台现象,并阐明了错台的原因是跑道与道肩的不均匀冻胀;客观地揭示了道面结构内部温度场、水分场及冻胀量的发展规律;水分通过道肩渗入道面结构引发水分场的重分布;道面结构不均匀冻胀是水热耦合作用的产物,温度梯度和降温速率影响着冻结过程中水分的迁移和积聚,水分场的重分布反过来也影响着温度的传递.数值模拟结果与模型试验结果吻合良好,且符合实际,数值模型的正确性和适用性得到了验证.结合模型试验的客观性优势和数值模拟的全面性优势有助于深入研究更多寒区构筑物地基的不均匀冻胀病害问题.     

多年冻土区铁路拼装式涵洞基础稳定性研究

根据青藏铁路清水河试验段两座拼装式涵洞工程近3年的监测结果,研究多年冻土区铁路涵洞下地基温度变化与涵洞基础沉降变形之间的关系.研究表明,多年冻土区涵洞工程在路基修筑的整个期间内,其基础会发生较大变形,且冻胀抬升变形量总值小于融化下沉变形量总值;涵洞建成初期,中部基础下沉速率较大,但2个冻一融循环后,涵洞中部的总下沉量较出入口过渡段的总下沉量小;涵洞出入口多渡段基础下地温差异与阳光照射有关,但这种地温差异对基础沉降变形的影响并不显著;路基和涵洞施工完成后对涵洞下地基冻土层具有明显的保护作用.     

Effect of ceramsite structure on microstructure of interfacial zone and durability of combined aggregate concrete

Structure characteristics of three kinds of ceramsite with different water absorption and the influence on microstructure of interfacial zone as well as performance of chloride permeability and frost resistance of combined aggregate concrete were investigated. The results show that, dense shell and closed internal pore have sharp effects on lowering water absorption of ceramsite. However, the ceramsite with high water absorption has obvious effect on the densification of interfacial paste which would develop a structure with lower porosity, finer aperture and higher microhardness. Furthermore, the impermeability and frost-resistance of concrete can be improved due to the effect of water absorption and releasing by ceramsite with higher water absorption. Funded by the Western Transportation Construction of Communication Ministry (No. 200331882008)     

季冻区人工湖岸挡土墙冻害处理技术和经济分析

笔者论述了季冻区人工湖岸挡土墙冻胀的原因、防治措施及处理案例,并详细对项目研究的成果进行了效益评估,为实际冻害防治工程提供了有价值的参考方案.     

蒲石河电站面板堆石坝垫层料冻胀试验

研究级配、粉粘粒含量、含水率、上覆荷载对冻结过程中冻胀量、冻胀速率的影响,以保证冬季面板堆石坝工程的安全。以蒲石河地区的经验冻结速率为条件控制冻结,采用自上而下的冻结模式,冻结速率控制为20 mm/d。当级配石料粉粘粒含量小于12%时,基本为无冻胀或弱冻胀,冻胀量随粉粘粒含量增加呈线性增长;粉粘粒含量相同时不同级配改变了含水量与冻胀量之间的线性关系的梯度。反向压力与冻胀力相平衡,限制了冻胀时的体积膨胀,工程中宜采用7.5%含水率和12%的粉粘粒含量的级配石料,使用密度为59 g/cm3的混凝土面板可以抑制冻害的发生。     

古建水硬性石灰材料的制备与耐久性能

以气硬性石灰、白水泥、活性微粉、添加剂、纤维等为主要原料,设计制备了水硬性石灰砂浆作为古建修补材料;探究了加速碳化对水硬性石灰砂浆力学强度发展的影响,并以相对动弹性模量、质量损失率为主要评价指标,系统研究了水硬性石灰砂浆在单一因素(冻融、硫酸盐)与多因素耦合(干湿循环-硫酸盐)作用下的耐久性能.结果表明:加速碳化能显著提高水硬性石灰砂浆的力学强度,传统石灰砂浆加速碳化3d的抗压强度是自然养护条件下的7.5倍;掺加质量分数为0.1%的聚丙烯纤维能显著提高水硬性石灰砂浆的抗冻性,经历116次冻融循环后水硬性石灰砂浆未出现明显的冻融破坏;掺加质量分数为1%的铝制外加剂能明显改善水硬性石灰砂浆的抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能.     

Theoretical modeling framework for an unsaturated freezing soil

Based on the authors' theoretical modeling framework of the saturated freezing soil, this paper further discusses the air phase in the unsaturated freezing soil in two ideal situations: air in the soil is linked to the atmosphere (the open porous medium) and air in the soil is isolated from the atmosphere (the sealed porous medium). The corresponding theoretical modeling framework for a multi-phase porous medium with interaction of water, heat and deformation is established in this paper. The proposed theoretical model is then extended to the general case (unsaturated half-open and half-sealed porous medium). Also, a finite element numerical solution to the heat-moisture-deformation coupling behavior of the unsaturated freezing soil is obtained. The computer software for solving this problem is also developed. The in-situ measurements for Hua Shixia highway roadbed located in Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau are introduced to compare with the numerical results obtained by the proposed model. The measurement results indicate that the numerical results for the temperature field variations with time are found to be in good correlation with the roadbed depth, just as the relative freezing deformations are correlated with road surface. Numerical modeling results, when compared to field measurements of temperature and deformation, are within 10 to 20%. The comparative analysis shows that proposed theoretical modeling framework and its numerical solution for the temperature–moisture-deformation coupling behavior is suitable and acceptable.     

单十二烷基磷酸酯钾溶液的抗冻性研究

单十二烷基磷酸酯钾（MAPK）是一类十分重要的阴离子表面活性剂,但传统工艺生产产品抗冻性较差,并不适合应用于北方野外的石油工业和采矿工业,极大限制了应用范围。本文从影响MAPK的抗冻性主要因素人手,探讨了产品中游离醇的含量、产品中游离酸的含量、产品的pH值和水的硬度对MAPK抗冻性的影响,并提出了一些相应的解决措施。本文研究内容尚未见文献报告。     

高速铁路路基粗粒土冻胀机理探析

针对严寒地区高速铁路路基冻胀的最大变形量应小于5mm的严格要求,就填筑于高速铁路路基的微冻胀填料开展微观研究,以探索其冻胀的内在机制。由于高速铁路路基发生微冻胀时粗骨料和细骨料的相互作用的应力应变关系比较复杂,无法用简单的力学模型来描述细骨料的受力状态,所以应用物理类比法,将二者的相互作用关系利用一个理想的物理模型进行模拟,建立了微冻胀填料不完全填充的冻胀微观力学模型,推导了在细颗粒膨胀过程中细颗粒体积膨胀率与混合物体积变化之间的关系。对其冻胀过程进行了理论分析,得到了微冻胀填料冻胀应力应变路径。该研究成果有利于提高对微冻胀填料冻胀机理的认识。