动水压力作用下沥青路面水-孔隙结构应力分析

为了研究动水压力对沥青路面产生水损害的原因,对水-孔隙结构进行了应力分析,建立了沥青路面水-孔隙结构承受车辆荷载的模型,提出了沥青路面空隙率与孔隙水压力的关系,并讨论了沥青路面内部因孔隙水压力而致使孔壁在反复的荷载作用下发生的胀裂与抽吸和冲刷作用.     

推进生态文明建设,建立环境污染损害鉴定评估机制

面对日益严重的环境问题,胡锦涛在十八大报告中提出要加强生态文明制度建设,要健全生态环境保护责任追究制度和环境损害赔偿制度。然而作为环境保护责任追究制度和环境损害赔偿制度基础的环境污染损害鉴定评估机制不论是在理论还是在立法、司法以及执法方面在我国均属空白。本文在生态文明视野下,总结了环境污染损害鉴定评估机制建立的意义以及建立过程中可能存在的问题,对于提高人们建立鉴定评估机制的意识有帮助,然而具体落实到实践活动这一过程还有待接下来的研究。     

组合优化在结构多位置损伤识别中的应用

提出了应用于板结构多位置损伤诊断的组合优化方法。证明了多位置损伤状态下的振型变化具有可叠加性,引入了结构的一阶振型变化率作为结构的损伤诊断标识量并证明了具有可叠加的性质,最后提出应用组合优化方法求解板结构多位置损伤诊断问题。四边固支矩形板的多位置损伤诊断的算例证明了该方法是有效可行的,它不仅可以准确的完成板结构的损伤诊断,并且可以简化整个损伤诊断的过程。     

Transmission electron microscopy study of extended defect evolution and amorphization in SiC under Si ion irradiation

The damage induced in 3C-SiC epilayers on a silicon wafer by 2.3-MeV Si ion irradiation for fluences of 10¹⁴, 10¹⁵, and 10¹⁶ cm⁻², was studied by conventional and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM/HRTEM). The evolution of extended defects and lattice disorder is followed in both the 3C-SiC film and Si substrate as a function of ion fluence, with reference to previous FTIR spectroscopy data. The likelihood of athermal unfaulting of native stacking faults by point defect migration to the native stacking faults is discussed in relation to damage recovery. Threshold energy densities and irradiation doses for dislocation loop formation and amorphous phase transformation are deduced from the damage depth profile by nuclear collisions. The role of electronic excitations on the damage recovery at high fluence is also addressed for both SiC and Si.     

The Impact of Fluid Dynamic Stress in Stirred Bioreactors – The Scale of the Biological Entity: A Personal View

From the start of industrial biotechnology, there has been a perception that biological entities are damaged by stirring, so-called ‘shear damage'. Often, it was the soft option to explain a loss of performance when it was due to other factors, such as bubble ingestion with proteins or on scale-up, where tip speed increased when it was due to decreased homogeneity, especially in pH. For many years, poor control and the range of analytical tools available made a more in-depth explanation difficult; and the concepts of ‘high' and ‘low shear' impellers, now largely disproven, increased it. Here, the size of the biological entity is compared to the Kolmogorov microscale of turbulence leading to a reasonably clear picture emerging. The article starts with the author's introduction to the issue approximately 42 year ago with enzymes, conveniently also the smallest entity; and finishes with the largest, filamentous fungi.     

不同应力状态下铝合金变形及损伤机理的研究

利用改装的Arcan夹具对铝合金（6063）的蝶形试样进行0°，30°，45°，60°，90°的拉伸及拉伸卸载试验，研究了铝合金在不同应力状态下变形及损伤机理。结果表明：铝合金在不同应力状态下的工程应力一应变曲线明显不同。0°加载时，在蝶形中心产生微孔洞，微孔洞之间剪切，从而产生了微裂纹。随着微裂纹的扩展、连接导致试样断裂。随着试样中三轴应力度的减小，在蝶形试样中心的剪切应力不断增大，同时在蝶形试样中的剪切变形带越来越集中。显微裂纹首先在剪切带中产生，随着微裂纹的扩展导致试样的断裂。90°拉伸时，在蝶形中心形成明显的剪切变形带。90°加载时，在试样中产生的剪切带是形变剪切带而非相变剪切带。利用有限元软件ABAQUS对不同角度拉伸试验进行模拟，从而得出了不同应力状态下的塑性区的形状和大小。     

相控阵超声检测技术在碳纤维结构分层缺陷检测中的试验

以碳纤维层压结构中容易产生的分层缺陷为研究对象,采用相控阵超声检测技术进行CIVA仿真和检测试验。通过声场及缺陷的建模和CIVA仿真检测试验,得出了碳纤维层压结构分层缺陷的理想检测参数。设计制作了模拟分层试验件,并进行实际检测试验,结果表明相控阵超声技术可以有效地检测该类缺陷。     

Experimental investigations of machining characteristics and removal mechanisms of advanced ceramics in high speed deep grinding

Machining characteristics and surface integrity of advanced ceramics, including alumina, alumina–titania, and yttria partially stabilized tetragonal zirconia, were studied under high speed deep grinding conditions. Material removal mechanisms involved in the grinding processes were explored. The material removal in the grinding of alumina and alumina–titania was dominated by grain dislodgement or lateral cracking along grain boundaries. The removal for zirconia was via both local micro fracture and ductile cutting. It was found that under a feed rate of 500 mm/min and for all the wheel speeds used, an increase in the wheel depth of cut (DOC) from 0.1–2 mm slightly improved the ground surface finish, but greatly prolonged the wheel life. This increase did not deepen the subsurface damage layer for the alumina and alumina–titania, but resulted in a slightly deeper damage layer for the zirconia.     

IMPROVEMENT ON FATIGUE LIFE OF ALLOY LY12CZ AFTER LASER RADIATION AND ITS DAMAGE EVOLUTION

The change of microstructure of fatigue specimens before and after laser radiation was studiedby transmission electron microscopy.The results show that the diameter of dislocation cell λtends to a constant at fatigue failure.Based on the principles of continuous damagemechanics,expressions of the fatigue damage criterion and processes of fatigue damage evolu-tion for L Y12CZ have been derived.     

LY12CZ材料激光辐照延寿的微观研究及损伤演变

对激光辐照后Ly12 CZ铝合金的疲劳寿命明显提高的原因进行了微观研究。结果表明位错胞尺寸λ在疲劳失效时都趋向于一常量λ_c。结合损伤力学建立了该材料的疲劳损伤判据及损伤演变过程,分别为: D_c=1-(λ_c/λ_0)~P D=1-{1-[1-(λ_c/λ_0)~(P(1+γ))](N/N_f)}~(1/(1+γ)