Simultaneous measurement of gas hold-up and mass transfer coefficient by tracer dynamic technique in “Emulsair” reactor with an emulsion-venturi distributor

Hydrodynamics and gas-liquid mass transfer have been investigated in an “Emulsair” reactor with cocurrent downflow of gas and liquid. This consists of a cylindrical tank with conical bottom topped by an emulsion-venturi as the gas-liquid distributor in which the gas is self-aspired by action of the kinetic energy of the liquid recirculation. An original tracer dynamic technique using the CO₂-N₂/water system that enables the simultaneous measurement of overall gas hold-up and overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient has been developed and validated using conventional techniques, such as volume expansion for gas hold-up and dynamic oxygenation for mass transfer. It has been shown that gas hold-up and K_La_L can be deduced from the moments of experimental response curves using a CO₂ pulse in the gas feed. Experimental results have proved that hydrodynamics and mass transfer in the Emulsair reactor are strongly influenced by the flow regime in the divergent. Two different regimes have been observed depending on the liquid recirculation flow rate: annular and homogeneous bubbling flows. In both regimes, self-aspired gas flow rate, gas hold-up and K_La_L have been reported to increase with the liquid flow rate. The operation effectiveness, estimated from the gas-to-liquid flow rate ratio, has been shown to pass through a maximum around 0.59 as a function of liquid recirculation. A comparison with the literature proved that this maximum is higher than those observed for other kinds of gas-liquid reactors equipped with a venturi. Correlations for mass transfer estimation have been derived and are in agreement with the literature.     

Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Over CaTi1−x Zr x O3 Composites Synthesized by Polymerized Complex Method

The solid solution of CaTi_1−x Zr _x O₃ (x = 0–0.15) was successfully synthesized by the polymerized complex (PC) method. This study has exhibited the advantage of the PC method to prepare a highly active CaTiO₃ compared with the conventional solid-state reaction (SSR) method. More importantly, further improvement in phase purity and large surface area was achieved by the doping of Zr⁴⁺, leading to remarkable enhancement of photocatalytic activities compared to pure CaTiO₃. The quantum yield for H₂ evolution over the most active photocatalyst, Pt (1.0 wt%)/CaTi_0.93Zr_0.07O₃, was 1.91% and 13.3% in photoreactions from pure water and aqueous ethanol solution, respectively for 0.1 g photocatalyst, which was about 3.3 and 2.5 times compared to that of PC-derived CaTiO₃.     

Synthesis and electrochemical characteristics of Al2O3-coated LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode materials for lithium ion batteries

LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode materials have been coated with Al₂O₃ nano-particles using sol-gel processing to improve its electrochemical properties. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the as-prepared Al₂O₃ nano-particles was indexed to the cubic structure of the γ-Al₂O₃ phase and had an average size of ∼4 nm. The XRD showed that the structure of LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was not affected by the Al₂O₃ coating. However, the Al₂O₃ coatings on LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ improved the cyclic life performance and rate capability without decreasing its initial discharge capacity. These electrochemical properties were also compared with those of LiAlO₂-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ cathode material. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was studied to understand the enhanced electrochemical properties of the Al₂O₃-coated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ compared to uncoated LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂.     

基于改进遗传算法的星地任务优化调度研究

星地任务优化调度是利用特定的星地资源合理地安排星地任务。由于星地任务众多而资源有限,而且星地任务受星地可见性以及多方面约束,星地任务调度问题十分复杂。针对星地任务的特点,建立了星地任务调度问题模型,提出了基于改进遗传算法的星地任务优化调度算法。算法采用按适应度排名轮盘赌选择、顺序交叉、随机对换变异的算法要素。针对遗传算法局部搜索能力弱的特点,提出了利用爬山算法优化新一代个体的方法,以增强遗传算法的局部搜索能力,给出了基于改进遗传算法的星地任务调度算法。     

使用新混合模糊聚类算法的模糊系统建模方法

为了进一步提高模糊系统建立模型的精度,提出一种新的模糊系统算法ANFIS-HC-QPSO：采用一种混合型模糊聚类算法来对模糊系统的输入空间进行划分,每一个聚类通过高斯函数的拟合产生一个隶属度函数,即完成ANFIS系统的前件参数--隶属度函数参数的初始识别,通过具有量子行为的粒子群算法QPSO与最小二乘法优化前件参数,直至达到停机条件,最终得到ANFIS的前件及后件参数,从而得到满意的模糊系统模型。实验表明,AN-FIS-HC-QPSO算法与传统算法相比,能在只需较少模糊规则的前提下就使模糊系统达到更高的精度。     

基于无线疲劳监测系统的铝合金材料疲劳损伤研究

铝合金材料具有重量轻、强度高等特点,是国民经济发展的重要基础材料,在诸多领域(如飞行器设计与制造、建筑装饰等)中占有十分重要的地位。然而,其抗疲劳性能较差,在交变荷载作用下容易产生疲劳裂纹和发生疲劳破坏。提出了一种基于无线疲劳监测系统的铝合金材料疲劳损伤研究方法,实时监测了铝合金构件的疲劳应变,并实时分析了构件的疲劳损伤状况,为研究铝合金材料的疲劳性能提供了可借鉴性的方法。     

碳化硅纳米粉体研究进展

碳化硅纳米粉体性能优于传统的碳化硅粉体，能够达到高新技术领域的严格要求，具有更为广泛的用途。综述了近年来在高新技术领域发展起来的碳化硅纳米粉体的制备方法，对一些新的制备方法进行了重点介绍，阐述了各种方法的基本原理、特点及研究现状，并对各种方法进行了比较。碳热还原法原料便宜，质量稳定，易实现工业化生产；液相法可制得纯度高的纳米级微粉；气相法是目前比较先进的方法，但不易实现大批量生产。未来碳热还原法将继续占主导地位，提出了该领域科学工作者的努力方向。     

基于Hilbert曲线和位置自调节法的图像版权保护算法

以小波的相关理论为基础,先把水印图像预置乱处理,对宿主图像直接进行小波包分解,之后将水印的低频部分和中高频部分分别采用Hilbert曲线扫描和位置自调节法嵌入到宿主图像中,嵌入强度可根据图像的内容自适应调节。通过实验观察,新算法在抗压缩和抗剪切性能有所提升,同时隐蔽性和抗噪能力也得到了较大改观,结果充分说明该算法是一种性能较为优良的图像版权保护算法。     

基于信息论的软件测试性分析方法的改进研究

随着软件产业的不断发展,软件不断向系统化、集成化发展,软件所实现的功能越来越强大,复杂程度越来越高,最终导致软件质量越来越难以保证。软件测试性分析能够提供软件测试性信息,通过这些信息设计人员能在设计和测试执行之前确定测试的难易程度和所需资源,从而决定是否需要修改设计以得到一个更易测试的软件。以信息论软件测试性分析方法为基础,将程序转化为信息转换图进而利用信息论的方法进行测试性分析,最后引入模糊综合评价的方法对分析结果进行评价,并通过实例对该方法的有效性进行验证。     

并联式混合动力汽车模糊控制策略及优化研究

能源危机和环境污染是汽车工业的两大挑战,提高发动机的运行效率是关键。在建立发动机模型及电池SOC(state of charge)计算模型的基础上对并联式混合动力汽车(PHEV,parallel hybrid electric vehicle)的控制策略进行研究,设计了模糊控制策略来合理分配发动机、电机的输出转矩。并在此基础上,对传动系统参数进行优化,得到满足PHEV加速和爬坡性能的最小废气排放的传动系统参数。最后,对设计的模糊控制策略进行仿真,并与参数优化后的模糊控制策略进行对比。结果表明传动系统参数优化后,燃油经济性有所提高。