汾河水库及其上游水环境状况分析及治理

运用近年水质调查、监测与评价数据,结合汾河水库及其上游流域自然条件、社会经济、水库供水、河流水系分布概况,分析汾河水库及其上游饮用水功能区水环境状况及来自点源、面源的污染因素,指出流域水环境保护工作在污染控制、水源保护、流域水环境监管方面存在的主要问题,认为明确水功能区限制纳污红线,严格控制入河排污总量,实施最严格的水资源管理制度是实现该区域水资源保护目标的关键,提出了节水减排、执法监督、污染源治理、水质监控等水环境治理保护方面的建议。     

Experiments and numerical simulations on transport of dissolved pollutants around spur dike

The flow field around a spur dike has three-dimensional characteristics.In order to analyze the influence of the flow field on pollutant transport,based on a compressive volume of fluid(VOF)scheme,the three-dimensional transient compressive pollutant transport model(CPTM)and the cubic equation(CE)bounded differencing scheme were developed.For the calibration and validation of CPTM,laboratory experiments were carried out in a flume with a non-submerged spur dike.The spur dike was angled at 60°,90°,and 120° from the upstream direction.The simulation results agreed with the experimental results.The simulations and experiments showed that the distribution of pollutant concentration was determined by circumfluence and the main flow.Concentration decay in the circumfluence zone was slower than that in the main flow.Downstream of the spur dike,the concentration fluctuation became intensive with the increase of spur dike angle.     

引进先进装备 调整原料及产品结构增产减污

介绍了福建南纸公司通过引进先进装备和调整原料及产品结构,在提高新闻纸品质和产量的同时,取得了节水节能、低耗环保的综合效益.     

采用表面涂覆抗硫材料的SiC/Pt催化剂的DPF装置催化性能

为解决柴油机在燃用高硫燃料时出现的柴油机颗粒过滤器（diesel particulate filter,DPF）失活现象,对表面涂覆抗硫材料的SiC/Pt催化剂的催化性能展开测试。结果显示：在小型柴油机试验中,贵金属Pt负载的DPF催化剂的平衡温度可下降至300℃,同时涂覆抗硫材料可提升其积炭-再生性能,累计积炭量和单次积炭量均稳定降低。同时DPF装置也可去除气态污染物,NO、CO的转化效率在360℃时分别为10.53%和57.19%。     

地下水污染治理与防治技术研究

从污染物控制和综合管理的角度,对地下水利用现状进行批判性的综述。每座城市的污水在进入地下水系统之前,应尽量减少所有可能来源的砷含量,为了一个可持续的环境,必须大大减少过量的硝酸盐和杀虫剂的使用。为了制定今后可持续地下水使用的成功综合管理办法,建议进行联合水管理,因为这涉及地下水和地表水资源的管理,以加强供水安全和环境的可持续性。从污染物控制和综合管理的角度,批判性地回顾了有关地下水使用的现状,研究不仅从地下水污染治理质量的角度,而且从可持续发展的数量上对地下水的管理都有借鉴意义。     

Gas evolution characteristics of three kinds of no-bake resin-bonded sands for foundry in production

No-bake resin-bonded sand is commonly used in casting production.However,its air pollution is relatively serious,especially in the molding and pouring process.For this reason,it is necessary to study the gas evolution characteristics of no-bake resin-bonded sand from room temperature to high temperatures,and not only the amount of gaseous products,but also the composition of the gaseous products.No-bake furan resin-bonded sand(#1),phenolic urethane no-bake resin-bonded sand(#2),and alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand(#3)are the three most common no-bake resin-bonded sands in casting.The gas evolution volume and rate of these three no-bake resin-bonded sands were studied.Thermogravimetry-mass spectrometer(TG-MS),headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(HS-GC/MS),and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometer(PY-GC/MS)were used to measure the composition of the gaseous products emitted from binders at room temperature and high temperatures.The differences between formaldehyde,heterocyclic aromatic compounds(HAC),monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(MAH),and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)gaseous products from the three types of no-bake resin-bonded sands during the molding and casting process were compared.From the perspective of environmental protection,alkaline phenolic no-bake resin-bonded sand and no-bake furan resin-bonded sand are better than phenolic urethane no-bake resin-bonded sand.     

基于和谐论的水污染物总量控制问题研究

在剖析水污染物总量控制问题的基础上,将和谐论引入水污染物总量控制研究中,诠释水污染物总量控制的和谐问题。为保证水污染物总量控制的成功实施,建立基于和谐论的水污染物总量控制模型,从和谐的角度分析水污染物总量控制措施的制定,以改善进入水体的污染物总量与水体纳污能力之间的不和谐关系。最后将建立的模型应用于武汉市汤逊湖流域中,应用结果表明该模型可以较好地反映流域水污染物总量控制问题中"统一"与"分歧"的辩证关系,有助于解决水污染物总量控制和污染负荷分配问题,为水体污染防治提供技术支撑。     

PTA中颗粒污染物的测定

讨论了判断PTA是否受到颗粒污染物的污染及污染程度的方法。用氢氧化铵溶液溶解样品,测定样品的滤膜(0.2μm)和空滤膜的L值,可以判断PTA是否污染及污染程度。     

Pulse-jet filtration: An effective way to control industrial pollution Part I: Theory,selection and design of pulse-jet filter

Pulse-jet filtration is described as one of the most efficient technologies in controlling industrial pollution across the world. The monograph provides the fundamental concept of design and development of pulse-jet filters under varied siutations. For successful running of a filter unit, a comprehensive knowledge base as regards a selection of design and development of filter media is essential; thus, this is incorporated in the monograph. I also discuss technical and commerically attractive solutions for successful operation of industries integrated with pollution control equipment maintaining clean air requirements.     

Trace organic solutes in closed-loop forward osmosis applications: Influence of membrane fouling and modeling of solute build-up

In this study, trace organics transport in closed-loop forward osmosis (FO) systems was assessed. The FO systems considered, consisted of an FO unit and a nanofiltration (NF) or reverse osmosis (RO) unit, with the draw solution circulating between both units. The rejection of trace organics by FO, NF and RO was tested. It was found that the rejection rates of FO were generally comparable with NF and lower than RO rejection rates. To assess the influence of fouling in FO on trace organics rejection, FO membranes were fouled with sodium alginate, bovine serum albumin or by biofilm growth, after which trace organics rejection was tested. A negative influence of fouling on FO rejection was found which was limited in most cases, while it was significant for some compounds such as paracetamol and naproxen, indicating specific compound-foulant interactions. The transport mechanism of trace organics in FO was tested, in order to differentiate between diffusive and convective transport. The concentration of trace organics in the final product water and the build-up of trace organics in the draw solution were modeled assuming the draw solution was reconcentrated by NF/RO and taking into account different transport mechanisms for the FO membrane and different rejection rates by NF/RO. Modeling results showed that if the FO rejection rate is lower than the RO rejection rate (as is the case for most compounds tested), the added value of the FO-RO cycle compared to RO only at steady-state was small for diffusively and negative for convectively transported trace organics. Modeling also showed that trace organics accumulate in the draw solution.