高地温隧洞喷混凝土—围岩粘结强度及微观破坏机理

针对深埋隧洞的高地温问题,利用温湿度试验控制系统模拟高地温隧洞内的湿热环境,通过钻芯拉拔法和扫描电镜测定高湿(湿度80%~85%)和低湿(湿度20%~25%)两种环境下在温度分别为50、60、75、90℃时围岩支护结构的粘结强度和粘结面的微观结构。研究结果表明,湿度对粘结强度的影响较大,相比于低湿环境,高湿环境下的围岩支护结构的粘结强度较大,且随着温度升高和湿度越低喷混凝土水化反应中止速度越快、混凝土干缩现象越严重、粘结强度越低,相较50℃,90℃时强度降幅最大为62.7%。研究结果可为湿热环境下实际工程建设提供指导。     

Φ215.9mm四牙轮取心钻头设计与应用

针对硬岩及复杂地层取心钻进效率低、钻头寿命短的问题,依托“深海钻探技术与工程支撑”项目研制了Φ215.9 mm四牙轮取心钻头。通过合理布置牙轮角度与分布、优化取心结构,有效提高岩心采取率,保证钻头在硬岩中的钻进速度与可靠性。在之前进行了陆地试验和海洋试验并不断优化改进的基础上,本次在内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市清水河县首次进行了实验性的地热勘探取心施工,全段地层均为高研磨性、高硬度花岗岩,取心困难。采用Φ215.9 mm牙轮取心钻头配合常规的取心钻具,钻进效率达1.2 m/h,岩心采取率为70%~90%,取得了较好的应用效果,为海洋钻探硬岩取心提供了技术保障。     

利用地热能的双压有机朗肯循环性能分析

根据地热利用系统回灌的要求,对热源在系统出口处的温度进行限制,研究了双压有机朗肯循环（DPORC）中的热量分配以及随运行时间的系统性能变化,针对5种不同的有机工质进行了计算分析。研究表明：系统热力学性能的最大值和有机工质流量的最小值在同样的k值（热源提供给高压循环的热量与热源为DPORC提供的热量比）处获得。而采用R600和R245fa系统的净输出功率较大;相比R601,采用R245fa可以将系统的净输出功率提高168.06 kW（5.55%）,热效率和效率分别可提高0.70%和2.86%。相比于单压有机朗肯循环（SPORC）,DPORC可以有效减小系统随运行时间净输出功率降低的幅度。经过40 a的运行,采用R601的系统净输出功率降低幅度最低（428.11 kW, 14.14%）,而采用R600系统的净输出功率降低幅度最大（526.75 kW, 16.55%）。     

地热井在不同注水和出水条件下热采效率优化研究

基于地热开采概念模型,采用3DEC程序计算分析不同注水和出水的三口地热井对岩体温度场、地热井温度场,及地热井出口水温影响的规律。结果表明：1）中部为注水井或生产井,边缘为生产井或注水井,模型达到稳态时生产井出口水温最低,且几乎相同;2）由于邻近两口生产井抽取水流过程中通过之间的岩体发生热量叠加效应,使其出口水温大幅提升,此时生产井出口水温最高, 同时模型达到稳态所需的时间最长;3）当两口邻近注水井,生产井水流速增大1倍时,其水流传热量增多致其出口水温有所提升,同时模型达到稳态所需的时间最短;4）根据生产井出口水温由高到低,模型优化顺序为两口邻近生产井>两口邻近注水井>两口间隔生产井=两口间隔注水井。     

中深层地热地埋管实际运行影响因素研究

为研究中深层地热地埋管运行的影响因素,分析西咸新区中深层地热地埋管供暖系统的长期运行结果,并结合关中地区地质数据,建立深度为2510 m的中深层地埋管换热器全尺寸模型,采用数值模拟法研究实际岩层分布下地埋管的运行、结构和材料因素对其取热能力的影响。结果表明,西咸新区某项目1号地埋管和2号地埋管两个地埋管,其平均取热功率均在310 kW以上,具有优良的取热能力。地埋管进水温度随季节变化明显,并引起用户侧负荷及热泵回水温度的波动。在结构方面,随内管径由63 mm增至125 mm,平均出口水温和换热功率分别降低1.9%和4.8%,但内管径过小将影响内管运行的安全性,综合安全和换热两方面因素,最佳内管径应选取ϕ110 × 10mm规格;随外管径由168.3 mm增至244.5 mm,平均出口水温和换热功率分别增加3.5%和9%,综合成本和换热两方面因素,最佳外管径应选取ϕ 177.8 × 19 mm规格;在运行方面,地埋管出口水温随着流量的增加而减小,换热功率随着流量增加而增加;出口水温随着进水温度的升高而上升,换热功率也随之减小。在材料方面,减小内管导热系数和增加固井材料导热系数均能增加地埋管出口水温和换热功率,考虑换热功率变化和成本因素,在工程中导热系数为0.42 W/（m∙K）的内管和导热系数为3 W/（m∙K）左右的固井材料。     

螺杆钻具在地热井钻探中的应用初探

螺杆钻具钻进因机械钻速高、经济效益明显而在石油、煤田地质等钻探施工中广泛使用,技术也比较成熟,但在地热井钻探施工中还处于摸索试验阶段。就螺杆钻具在地热井钻探中的设备配套、钻进工艺、效益对比等一系列问题进行了阐述,肯定了螺杆钻具在地热井钻探中的钻进效率和经济效益,同时提出了一些需要在今后实践中解决的问题。     

Lithium Recovery from Geothermal Water by Combined Adsorption Methods

Recovery of Li⁺ from geothermal water has been investigated using a combination of adsorptive separation with magnetite and λ-MnO₂ adsorbents. The inhibition of Li⁺ adsorption together with decomposition of λ-MnO₂ was observed when geothermal water containing As was fed to the column in which λ-MnO₂ was packed. Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) was therefore used for removal of As from the geothermal water, prior to adsorption of Li⁺. Using As removal from the geothermal water with magnetite, decomposition of λ-MnO₂ was significantly prevented during adsorption of Li⁺, although a small amount of As still remained.     

Corrosion resistance of different steel grades in the geothermal fluid of Molasse Basin

Long‐term corrosion resistance of carbon steels grade API L80 and API Q125 has been evaluated by means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests in the Molasse Basin, one of the most important geothermal fluids in Europe. In addition, the localized corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel alloy 2205 and the austenitic stainless steel grade 316L was determined at 100 and 150 °C. In general, investigated materials showed a remarkable resistance to uniform and localized corrosion. Their corrosion behaviour at service conditions is discussed in this paper.     

Performance assessment of a horizontal-coil geothermal heat pump

This paper evaluates the performance of a geothermal heat pump in Iran. An air-to-air 5.275 kW heat pump has been changed and redesigned to a geothermal heat pump system for the first time in Iran. Air-to-air condenser has been replaced by a tube-in-tube heat exchanger and assembled system has been tested under ARI-325 standard at the national energy lab of Iran and the results have been compared with the original system. Then, local weather conditions and soil properties of Tabriz (located at the north-west of Iran) have been applied and geothermal coil has been designed. Coil has been connected to the heat pump and the average coefficient of performance (COP) of rather more than three has been recorded in cooling mode. Results obtained from experimental measurements show that horizontal GSHP systems can be used for Tabriz-like climates in Iran. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地热水能在建筑物中的综合利用

地热水是一种清洁能源，在我国有着良好的发展前景。文中介绍了地热水在建筑物中综合利用的途径及节能的意义。