PFC emission‐reduction strategy for the LCD industry

Abstract— The perfluorocarbons (PFCs) used as etching‐process and chamber‐cleaning gases in the manufacture of LCD devices have a high global‐warming potential and a long atmospheric lifetime. Thus, to voluntarily reduce these environmentally harmful PFCs, in 2001 the Japanese LCD association established the World LCD Industry Cooperation Committee (WLICC), together with its counterpart associations in the Republic of Korea and Taiwan. Since that time involving many discussions, the WLICC reached a consensus on reducing the aggregate absolute PFC emissions to the equivalent of less than 0.82 million metric tons of carbon by 2010. Each association has been taking whatever emission reduction steps it considers best to achieve this goal. Thanks to these measures, the PFC emissions from the Japanese LCD industry have remained at the same level, or less, than those of the year 2000, in spite of the fact that PFC purchases have continually increased. In the interim, the Japanese LCD association has been obtaining experimental data for the 2006 IPCC Inventory Guidelines, which will give the emission factors needed to estimate the PFC emissions. As a result, some data are quite different from emission factors given in the current 2000 Inventory Guidelines. All the data obtained have been submitted to the IPCC to be adopted in the new 2006 Guidelines.     

The Fast Blind Equalization Algorithm with Global Convergence

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核心单筒式悬挂结构中四面开洞核心筒体的屈曲荷载与振动频率

核心单筒式悬挂结构中，因为四面开洞核心筒体在其顶部要承受巨大的悬挂荷载，所以，核筒的稳定是一个非常重要的问题。再者，四面开洞核心筒体的振动也是一个非常复杂的问题，必须提供一个简单而有效的分析方法。在假定位移的基础上，用能量变分法推导了核筒的屈曲荷载和振动基本频率，能为实际工程计算提供一定的参考。     

Layout Driven Selection and Chaining of Partial Scan Flip-Flops

In an era of sub-micron technology, routing is becoming a dominant factor in area, timing, and power consumption. In this paper, we study the problem of selection and chaining of scan flip-flops with the objective of achieving minimum routing area overhead. Most of previous work on partial scan has put emphasis on selecting as few scan flip-flops as possible to break all cycles in S-graph. However, the flip-flops that break more cycles are often the ones that have more fanins and fanouts. The area adjacent to these nodes is often crowded in layout. Such selections will cause layout congestion and increase the number of tracks to chain the scan flip-flops. To take layout information into consideration, we propose a matching-based algorithm to solve the problem. First, an initial placement will be performed before scan flip-flops are selected. Then, iteratively, a matching-based algorithm taking the current layout into account is proposed to select and chain the scan flip-flops. Experimental results show that, on the average, our algorithm can reduce 8.1% area overhead as compared with the previously proposed methods that do not utilize the layout information in flip-flop selection.     

带有界约束非凸二次规划问题的整体优化方法

通过研究带有界约束非凸二次规划问题，给出了求解该问题的整体最优 解的分枝定界方法及其收敛性，提出了定界的紧，松驰策略，把球约束二次规划问题作为子问题来确定原问题的整体最优值下界和上界，应用分枝定界方法达到了对原问题的求解。     

An Overview of Analog Feedback Part II: Amplifier Configurations in Generic Device Technologies

In this second installment of a two part paper that overviews analog feedback circuits, computationally efficient and general feedback analysis techniques applicable to virtually all three and four terminal device technologies are formulated. As developed in Part I, these techniques coalesce signal flow and two port network theories in a way that clearly illuminates the loop gain, driving point I/O impedances, and other characteristics of any type of feedback configuration. More than simply developing the signal flow-two port methodology, this paper demonstrates its design-oriented utility by applying the new technique to the problem of assessing the performance attributes and limitations of four single loop and two dual loop feedback architectures.Three advantages are gleaned by the signal flow-two port method of feedback network analysis. The first advantage is its amenability to a straightforward application of the stability theories and compensation strategies discussed in Part I. The second is its ability to underscore the magnitude of potentially troublesome feedforward factors associated with the feedback network. Once the extent of this parasitic feedforward is highlighted, the topological nature of appropriate feedforward compensation is relatively easy to innovate. The third advantage of signal flow-two port analytical methods is its ability to simplify the analysis of dual loop feedback architectures. This last advantage is noteworthy in view of the fact that dual feedback loops offer the only practical analog mechanism for desensitizing the gain and I/O impedances with respect to uncertainties in open loop parameters.     

Global and local processing of hierarchical visual stimuli in tufted capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella).

Capuchin monkeys' (Cebus apella) relative accuracy in the processing of the global shape or the local features of hierarchical visual stimuli was assessed. Three experiments are presented featuring manipulations of the arrangement and the density of the local elements of the stimuli. The results showed a clear advantage for local level processing in this species, which is robust under manipulations of the density of the local elements of the stimuli. By contrast, the density of the component elements linearly affected accuracy in global processing. These findings, which support those from other studies in which a local superiority emerged in animals, challenge the generality of early claims concerning the adaptive value of global advantage in the processing of hierarchical visual patterns. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Identification of linear systems with time delay and unknown order

This paper proposes a system identification method for linear systems with time delay and unknown order. We hypothesize a number of candidate models, which have different order, because system order is unknown. In each model, we estimate the model parameters based on the maximum likelihood method by using nonlinear optimization technique. Then both local optimization technique and global search method are used because the estimated parameters may fall into a local minimum. After all candidate model's parameters are estimated, one model is selected among these models to estimate the system order by using a posteriori probability based on Bayes's theorem. Finally, the validity of the proposed method is demonstrated by numerical examples. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(3): 61–68, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10166     

GPS系统在车辆定位中的应用及测距算法的研究

本文研究了一种基于无线电思想的GPS接收机的实现方法，实现的整个过程都放在DSP内来完成，从而有效地节省了硬件资源，并且更加方便和灵活。介绍了GPS接收机在车载系统中的组成及应用。在设计时充分考虑了GPS接收机伪随机码测距的问题。此系统体现了简便、易控、模块化以及保密性好等优势。     

应用罚函数求解二层线性优化问题的全局优化方法

应用罚函数原理，将二层线性优化问题转化为目标函数带有罚函数子项的非线性优化问题，当罚系数大于某一数值时，库函数项为一精确项，该非线性优化问题用渐的进外逼近算法可求出其全局最优解。