石墨烯透明导电薄膜可控制备及实用性研究

新型二维材料石墨烯,因其优异特性被认为是众多领域的理想新型功能材料,其产业化应用是当前及未来的重要研究课题之一。综述了针对性提高石墨烯导电薄膜透光率和导电性能的可控制备的最新研究进展,包括可控制备大尺寸、大面积石墨烯,以及通过掺杂或与其他材料形成复合材料等方法有效提高石墨烯薄膜的光电性能,并对石墨烯透明导电薄膜电极在触摸屏、显示屏等的实用化应用进行了探讨和展望。     

自支撑氮掺杂石墨烯纸柔性电极的制备及其储锂性能的研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,尿素为氮掺杂剂,采用固/气界面水热反应的方式,即在反应釜内将GO抽滤得到的氧化石墨烯纸(GOP)与尿素分解产生的氨蒸气相互作用,成功制备出自支撑氮掺杂石墨烯纸(NGP)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉曼光谱(RS)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学测试对样品进行形貌结构及电化学性能的表征。测试结果表明:水热条件下尿素能有效地实现氧化石墨烯纸的氮掺杂,氮掺杂量为7.89%;氮掺杂石墨烯纸在100mA/g和500mA/g的电流密度下,充放电循环100周之后,放电比容量可分别保持在288mAh/g和190mAh/g。采用改进的固/气界面水热反应法制备的氮掺杂石墨烯纸较未掺杂石墨烯纸可逆比容量提高了近2.5倍,具有良好的循环稳定性,可为制备高性能的柔性锂离子电池负极材料提供新方法。     

用于锂离子电池的石墨烯及其复合负极材料的研究进展

石墨烯复合材料因具有高比表面积、高比容量、优异的导电性、显著的化学稳定性,在锂离子电池领域具有巨大的应用前景。在负极复合材料中,石墨烯不仅可以形成导电网络提升复合材料的导电性能,而且还可以缓冲材料在充放电过程中的体积效应,提高了材料的倍率性能和循环寿命,为设计大容量高稳定性的锂离子电池提供了理论保证。因此制备不同组成和结构的石墨烯复合材料是一个非常有价值的课题。对近年来国内外运用不同方法制备不同组成和结构的石墨烯复合材料的研究结果做了综合评述和展望。     

PAM/GO复合材料制备及驱油性能研究

利用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide,GO),并利用原位聚合法引入丙烯酰胺(AM),制备PAM/GO复合材料。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、激光粒度分析和驱油实验等分析方法对PAM/GO复合材料的官能团和驱油性能进行了研究。X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)实验结果表明,PAM/GO的谱图中,在2θ=9.4°的氧化石墨的特征峰消失,在2θ=23°出现一个宽的衍射峰,说明PAM/GO为无定形结构,也说明氧化石墨与PAM兼容性良好,没有发生明显的团聚。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析表明,PAM/GO红外谱图中具有很明显的丙烯酰胺特征峰,说明丙烯酰胺成功引入到氧化石墨烯中。激光粒度分析结果表明,石墨烯复合材料的平均粒径范围在0.19~1.45μm。界面张力分析表明,0.3%浓度的石墨烯材料降低油水界面张力的能力较好,与注入水相比,能将油水界面张力从101降低到100数量级左右。PAM/GO复合材料应用于低渗透岩心的动态驱替实验表明,0.3%浓度的石墨烯复合材料对低渗透油藏提高采收率在10%左右,且驱替压力变化平稳,不会对地层造成堵塞伤害。     

石墨烯海绵的制备与性能及在环境修复中的应用研究进展

石墨烯海绵是一种新型的多孔三维结构材料,具有比表面积大、吸附能力强、力学强度高、易于制备等优良特性。这些独特的性质使得石墨烯海绵吸附材料成为环境污染处理中的热点,同时也在很多领域里有着广泛的应用。概述了石墨烯海绵的两种不同制备方法及其对环境中的有机溶剂、重金属离子、抗生素以及染料的吸附研究,并进一步展望了石墨烯海绵在其他领域的潜在应用。     

石墨烯基二维垂直异质结的制备及光电子器件

石墨烯和类石墨烯二维半导体材料因其独特的物理化学性质受到研究人员的广泛关注,将二者结合组成的石墨烯基二维垂直异质结近年来备受研究者的青睐.本文简要介绍了石墨烯基二维垂直异质结的基本概念和性质,综述了石墨烯基二维垂直异质结制备技术的最新进展情况,对比分析了不同制备方法各自的优缺点,总结了石墨烯基二维垂直异质结在光电子学器件应用的最新进展.最后对石墨烯基二维垂直异质结的研究和发展方向做了展望.     

Synergistic effects of micro-/nano-fillers on conductive and electromagnetic shielding properties of polypropylene nanocomposites

This study presents the synergistic effects of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) and carbon fibers (CFs) additions on the electrical and electromagnetic shielding properties of GNS/CF/polypropylene (PP) composites. These composites were fabricated by the melt blending of different ratios of GNSs and CFs (20:0, 15:5, 10:10, 5:15 and 0:20 wt/wt%) into a PP polymer matrix using a Brabender mixer. Besides, the chemical and crystalline structures and the thermal stability of the resultant GNS/CF/PP composites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). FT-IR and XRD showed that with the addition of GNSs content, transmittances at 1373.4?cm^?1 and 1454.4?cm^?1 became smaller and the characteristic peak at 26.82° became stronger. TGA showed that the GNS/CF/PP composite can be used at high temperature below 456°C. Blending 10?wt% CFs and 10?wt% GNSs into the PP polymer resulted in excellent conductivity (0.397 S/cm), which indicated the occurrence of the critical percolation threshold phenomenon, and also reached the maximum electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) of 20?dB at 1.28–2.00?GHz. Laminated with five layers of composites, its EMSE achieved 25–38?dB at 0.3–3.0?GHz, corresponding to blocking of 94.38–98.74% electromagnetic waves.     

Recent Advances on 3D Printing Technique for Thermal‐Related Applications

Advances in ink formulation and printing techniques make producing material systems with new and versatile characteristics and functionalities possible. Additive manufacturing or 3D printing enables fabricating complex structures at a faster production rate using different types of materials for various applications. Recently, 3D printing methods are being studied for thermal‐related applications. In this paper, the authors review recent progress of materials and printing techniques for thermal application devices using composite materials.

     

Silver Nanoflower Decorated Graphene Oxide Sponges for Highly Sensitive Variable Stiffness Stress Sensors

Soft conductive materials should enable large deformation while keeping high electrical conductivity and elasticity. The graphene oxide (GO)‐based sponge is a potential candidate to endow large deformation. However, it typically exhibits low conductivity and elasticity. Here, the highly conductive and elastic sponge composed of GO, flower‐shaped silver nanoparticles (AgNFs), and polyimide (GO‐AgNF‐PI sponge) are demonstrated. The average pore size and porosity are 114 µm and 94.7%, respectively. Ag NFs have thin petals (8–20 nm) protruding out of the surface of a spherical bud (300–350 nm) significantly enhancing the specific surface area (2.83 m² g^?1). The electrical conductivity (0.306 S m^?1 at 0% strain) of the GO‐AgNF‐PI sponge is increased by more than an order of magnitude with the addition of Ag NFs. A nearly perfect elasticity is obtained over a wide compressive strain range (0–90%). The strain‐dependent, nonlinear variation of Young's modulus of the sponge provides a unique opportunity as a variable stiffness stress sensor that operates over a wide stress range (0–10 kPa) with a high maximum sensitivity (0.572 kPa^?1). It allows grasping of a soft rose and a hard bottle, with the minimal object deformation, when attached on the finger of a robot gripper.     

Graphene Caging Silicon Particles for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries

Silicon holds great promise as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries with higher energy density; its implication, however, is limited by rapid capacity fading. A catalytic growth of graphene cages on composite particles of magnesium oxide and silicon, which are made by magnesiothermic reduction reaction of silica particles, is reported herein. Catalyzed by the magnesium oxide, graphene cages can be conformally grown onto the composite particles, leading to the formation of hollow graphene‐encapsulated Si particles. Such materials exhibit excellent lithium storage properties in terms of high specific capacity, remarkable rate capability (890 mAh g^?1 at 5 A g^?1), and good cycling retention over 200 cycles with consistently high coulombic efficiency at a current density of 1 A g^?1. A full battery test using LiCoO₂ as the cathode demonstrates a high energy density of 329 Wh kg^?1.