简捷水热法制备氟化石墨烯及其表征

氟化石墨烯是一种石墨烯衍生物,在润滑材料、电子器件等领域具有广阔的应用前景。采用回流搅拌并水热还原的方法制备氟化石墨烯,并在不加HF的情况下以同样的方式制备了水热还原的还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、透射电镜(TEM)等对样品进行形貌观测和表征。FTIR的结果表明氟化产物中含有C-F键和部分未完全还原的含氧基团;由XRD谱可以看出,产物晶型较差,其层间距和原料的性质有关;Raman谱证实了石墨烯的基本结构依然存在,但也存在大量缺陷,并且rGO比FGS的规整度略高;XPS谱表明样品表面有氟元素的存在,意味着FGS制备成功;TEM结果显示该样品为单层和少层。该方法操作简单、原料廉价易得、工艺要求不高,适用于批量生产氟化石墨烯。     

Contactless Spin Switch Sensing by Chemo-Electric Gating of Graphene

Direct electrical probing of molecular materials is often impaired by their insulating nature. Here, graphene is interfaced with single crystals of a molecular spin crossover complex, [Fe(bapbpy)(NCS)₂], to electrically detect phase transitions in the molecular crystal through the variation of graphene resistance. Contactless sensing is achieved by separating the crystal from graphene with an insulating polymer spacer. Next to mechanical effects, which influence the conductivity of the graphene sheet but can be minimized by using a thicker spacer, a Dirac point shift in graphene is observed experimentally upon spin crossover. As confirmed by computational modeling, this Dirac point shift is due to the phase-dependent electrostatic potential generated by the crystal inside the graphene sheet. This effect, named as chemo-electric gating, suggests that molecular materials may serve as substrates for designing graphene-based electronic devices. Chemo-electric gating, thus, opens up new possibilities to electrically probe chemical and physical processes in molecular materials in a contactless fashion, from a large distance, which can enhance their use in technological applications, for example, as sensors.     

Nitrogen-doped graphene-supported zinc sulfide nanorods as efficient Pt-free for visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen production

Nitrogen-doped graphene-ZnS composite (NG-ZnS) was synthesized by thermal treatment of graphene-ZnS composite (G-ZnS) in NH₃ medium. In the second step, the as-synthesized samples were deposited on indium tin oxide glass (ITO) by electrophoretic deposition for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction. The as-prepared NG-ZnS-modified ITO electrode displayed excellent photocatalytic activity, rapid transient photocurrent response, superior stability and high recyclability compared to the pure ZnS and G-ZnS-modified ITO electrode due to the synergy between the photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanorods and the large surface area and high conductivity of N-graphene.     

Graphene‐based ternary composites for supercapacitors

The research on electrode materials for supercapacitor application continues to evolve as the request of high‐energy storage system has increased globally due to the demand for energy consumption. Over the past decades, various types of carbon‐based materials have been employed as electrode materials for high‐performance supercapacitor application. Among them, graphene is 1 of the most widely used carbon‐based materials due to its excellent properties including high surface area and excellent conductivity. To exploit more of its interesting properties, graphene is tailored to produce graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide to improve the dispersibility in water and easy to be incorporated with other materials to form binary composites or even ternary composites. Nowadays, ternary composites have attracted enormous interest as 2 materials (binary composites) cannot satisfy the requirement of the high‐performance supercapacitor. Thus, many approaches have been employed to fabricate ternary composites by combining 3 different types of electroactive materials for high‐performance supercapacitor application. This review focuses on the supercapacitive performance of graphene‐based ternary composites with different types of active materials, ie, conducting polymers, metal oxide, and other carbon‐based materials.     

The effects of impurity doping on the optical properties of biased bilayer graphene

We address the optical conductivity of doped AA-stacked bilayer graphene in the presence of a finite bias voltage at finite temperature. The effect of scattering by dilute charged impurities is discussed in terms of the self-consistent Born approximation. Green's function approach has been implemented to find the behavior of optical conductivity of bilayer graphene within linear response theory. We have found the frequency dependence of optical conductivity for different values of concentration and scattering strength of dopant impurity. Also the dependence of optical conductivity on the impurity concentration and bias voltage has been investigated in details. A peak appears in the plot of optical conductivity versus impurity concentration for different values of chemical potential. Furthermore we find optical conductivity reduces with frequency for any impurity concentration and scattering strength.     

Li0.95Na0.05MnPO4/C nanoparticles compounded with reduced graphene oxide sheets for superior lithium ion battery cathode performance

Sodium-substituted LiMnPO₄/C/reduced graphene oxide (LNMP@rGO) was synthesized in this study via freeze drying and carbon thermal reduction method with graphene oxide as carbon source. Sodium ion doping is optimized and rGO effects are evaluated by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, Raman, and electrochemical performance measurements. Well-distributed nanoparticles with average size of ~50?nm are evenly distributed on the surface or intercalation between rGO layers, resulting in a porous ion/electronic conductive network. Compared to 122.3?mA?h?g^?1 in unmodified LNMP, the best LNMP@rGO (20?mg rGO) exhibits an excellent initial discharge capacity of 150.4?mA?h?g^?1 at 0.05?C at 122.9% of the initial capacity. The capacity retention rate is 95.8% of the initial capacity after 100 cycles at 1?C. Capacity of 101.2?mA?h?g^?1 is preserved even at rates as high as 10?C.     

Low‐cost dye‐sensitized solar cells with ball‐milled tellurium‐doped graphene as counter electrodes and a natural sensitizer dye

This paper presents a facile and economic development of dye‐sensitized solar cells using a nonprecious counter electrode made from ball‐milled tellurium‐doped graphene (Te‐Gr) and a natural sensitizer extracted from Calotropis gigantea leaves. The prepared materials were characterized using various techniques, such as Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with built‐in energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (SEM with EDS). The electrochemical activity of the produced counter electrodes and the impedance of the fabricated cells were examined and discussed to devise plans for future enhancement of cell performance. A clear pattern of improvement was found when using cost‐effective Te‐Gr relative to the costly platinum counter electrodes, especially when compared with cells employing another natural sensitizer. The results show approximately 51% enhancement over chlorophyll‐based cells made from spinach, where the added advantage in our approach is the utilization of an abundant plant extract with little nutritional appeal.