应用于固体推进剂的石墨烯及其复合材料制备技术研究进展

系统介绍了多种石墨烯的制备、改性和复合方法,制备方法主要有机械剥离和湿法剥离,改性方法主要有非共价改性和共价改性,复合方法主要有非原位合成和原位合成。从石墨烯在固体推进剂中应用的角度分析比较了不同制备方法的优缺点,指出今后用作燃烧催化剂的石墨烯及其复合材料的制备技术重点应集中在如下几方面:(1)将微乳液法等纳米材料制备方法应用于石墨烯复合材料制备中;(2)应加强负载有机金属盐和含能催化剂的石墨烯负载型燃烧催化剂的研究;(3)开展石墨烯负载物的晶体生长研究。附参考文献57篇。     

石墨烯增强钛基复合材料制备工艺与性能研究

以多层石墨烯为增强体,通过熔炼锻造(MF)和粉末冶金(PM) 2种工艺分别制备出规格为Φ10 mm的石墨烯增强钛基复合材料棒材。石墨烯在凝固过程中以TiC枝晶形态析出,变形后呈细小颗粒,其中Ti和C原子比约为2∶1。石墨烯和球形钛粉经过机械合金化和变形加工,在基体中反应形成薄片层。MF工艺对应的棒材拉伸强度可达476 MPa,延伸率保持在28%; PM工艺对应的棒材拉伸强度可达487 MPa,延伸率保持在30%。PM工艺可形成尺寸较小的薄片状石墨烯增强体,强化作用提升,同时塑性没有显著下降。     

交变压力环境下KH-550改性氧化石墨烯环氧涂层的失效机制

石墨烯因其优异的力学性能及热化学稳定性、较大的比表面积而在防腐涂层应用中备受关注。采用硅烷偶联剂KH550对氧化石墨烯(GO)进行表面改性,研究了改性GO对深海交变压力模拟环境下环氧涂层失效机制的影响。利用TEM和沉降实验观察了GO粉末的分散性及其与环氧树脂的相容性;利用重量法、附着力测试和拉伸测试研究了涂层的防护性能;利用OCP和EIS研究了涂层在交变压力下的失效历程。结果表明：KH550改性GO涂层在抗渗透性、强韧性、附着力等方面均有明显提高。添加改性GO减少了涂层的表面缺陷,更加致密的涂层结构有效阻碍了溶液的扩散。改性GO与环氧树脂结合良好的界面可延缓交变压力的破坏作用,从而延长了涂层在交变压力环境下的使役寿命。     

Enhanced sound absorption properties of porous ceramics modified by graphene oxide films

Under the condition of constant thickness, improving the low-frequency sound absorption performance of conventional sound-absorbing materials is a challenging research topic. To address this issue, a new reduced graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol (RGO/PVA) porous composite ceramic was fabricated using freeze-drying and optimized by redesigning the internal connecting pores of porous ceramic matrixes with a reticular microstructure using RGO and PVA. The as-prepared porous structure showed significant enhancement in the low-frequency sound absorption band compared with pristine porous ceramics. In addition, the hybrid porous ceramics exhibited low thermal conductivity. These favorable properties indicate that the hybrid sound-absorbing ceramics have potential application prospects for noise reduction in the fields of construction and electrical and mechanical devices.     

Hybrid CuO-Co3O4 nanosphere/RGO sandwiched composites as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Hybrid CuO-Co₃O₄ nanosphere building blocks have been embedded between the layered nanosheets of reduced graphene oxides with a three dimensional (3D) hybrid architecture (CuO-Co₃O₄-RGO), which are successfully applied as enhanced anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The CuO-Co₃O₄-RGO sandwiched nanostructures exhibit a reversible capacity of~847 mA·h·g^-1 after 200 cycles' cycling at 100 mA·g^-1 with a capacity retention of 79%. The CuO-Co₃O₄-RGO compounds show superior electrochemical properties than the comparative CuO-Co₃O₄, Co₃O₄ and CuO anodes, which may be ascribed to the following reasons:the hybridizing multicomponent can probably give the complementary advantages; the mutual benefit of uniformly distributing nanospheres across the layered RGO nanosheets can avoid the agglomeration of both the RGO nanosheets and the CuO-Co₃O₄ nanospheres; the 3D storage structure as well as the graphene wrapped composite could enhance the electrical conductivity and reduce volume expansion effect associated with the discharge-charge process.     

Platinum on nitrogen doped graphene and tungsten carbide supports for ammonia electro-oxidation reaction

Ammonia electrooxidation reaction involving multistep electron-proton transfer is a significant reaction for fuel cells, hydrogen production and understanding nitrogen cycle. Platinum has been established as the best electrocatalyst for ammonia oxidation in aqueous alkaline media. In this study, Pt/nitrogen-doped graphene (NDG) and Pt/tungsten monocarbide (WC)/NDG are synthesized by a wet chemistry method and their ammonia oxidation activities are compared to commercial Pt/C. Pt/NDG exhibits a specific activity of 0.472 mA∙cm^–2, which is 44% higher than commercial Pt/C, thus establishing NDG as a more effective support than carbon black. Moreover, it is demonstrated that WC as a support also impacts the activity with further 30% increase in comparison to NDG. Surface modification with Ir resulted in the best electrocatalytic activity with Pt-Ir/WC/NDG having almost thrice the current density of commercial Pt/C. This work adds insights regarding the role of NDG and WC as efficient supports along with significant impact of Ir surface modification.     

多羟基化改性石墨烯水基润滑添加剂的摩擦学特性

氧化石墨烯(GO)边缘处的羧基为酸性基团,在摩擦过程中会造成金属摩擦副的腐蚀磨损。为减弱GO上羧基的腐蚀磨损,利用甘油与GO反应制备一种多羟基化改性氧化石墨烯(GOOH);利用原子力显微镜(AFM)与扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对改性前后GO的形貌进行观测,利用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对其进行结构表征,并评价其在水中的稳定性和腐蚀性;用四球摩擦磨损试验机考察GO和GOOH作为水基润滑添加剂的减摩抗磨性能,用SEM-EDS分析试球表面磨斑形貌及摩擦膜的化学成分组成。结果表明:GOOH能在水中稳定分散,且相比于GO,GOOH对钢球的腐蚀性更弱,摩擦因数及磨斑直径更小,磨斑形状更规则,犁沟更浅。EDS测试结果表明,使用GOOH添加剂的钢球磨损表面碳元素含量较GO更多,说明其能更好地吸附到摩擦副表面起到减摩抗磨的作用。     

石墨烯-聚丙烯腈复合纳米纤维的开发及其抗菌性

用静电纺丝的方法制备了石墨烯-聚丙烯腈(PAN)复合纳米纤维,用扫描电镜(SEM)以及透射电镜(TEM)表征了复合纳米纤维毡的微观形貌,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了复合纳米纤维的相组成,并采用琼脂平皿扩散试验定性评价这种新材料的抗菌性。研究表明:石墨烯-PAN复合纳米纤维具有典型的纤维形貌,石墨烯对PAN分子取向具有诱导作用并且不利于PAN分子六方准晶结构的形成,石墨烯-PAN纳米纤维具有一定的抗菌性,对抗菌功能性面料的研究与开发具有一定参考价值。     

Vertically aligned carbon nanotube‐based composite: Elaboration and monitoring of the nanotubes alignment

We present the different elaboration steps of a composite formed of carbon nanotubes (CNT) carpet embedded in an epoxy polymer. Detailed characterization at each step of the elaboration process is performed. The good alignment of CNT in as‐grown carpets is kept all along the elaboration process of the composite, as it is measured at both macro and microscopic scales by X‐ray scattering. We also ensured by X‐ray fluorescence measurements that the iron‐based catalyst particles used for the synthesis were removed from the carpet after a high temperature post‐annealing treatment. These measurements give valuable information for further applications involving unidirectional nanotube composites and membranes, where CNT alignment is a key parameter. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 39730.     

Carbon nanotubes‐filled thermoplastic polyurethane–urea and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber blend nanocomposites

This article reports the preparation and characterization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)‐filled thermoplastic polyurethane–urea (TPUU) and carboxylated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) blend nanocomposites. The dispersion of the MWCNTs was carried out using a laboratory two roll mill. Three different loadings, that is, 1, 3, and 5 wt % of the MWCNTs were used. The electron microscopy image analysis proves that the MWCNTs are evenly dispersed along the shear flow direction. Through incorporation of the nanotubes in the blend, the tensile modulus was increased from 9.90 ± 0.5 to 45.30 ± 0.3 MPa, and the tensile strength at break was increased from 25.4 ± 2.5 to 33.0 ± 1.5 MPa. The wide angle X‐ray scattering result showed that the TPUU:XNBR blends were arranged in layered structures. These structures are formed through chemical reactions of ? NH group from urethane and urea with the carboxylic group on XNBR. Furthermore, even at a very low loading, the high degree of nanotubes dispersion results in a significant increase in the electrical percolation threshold. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40341.