冀中坳陷霸县地区现今温压场及其与地热资源的关系

渤海湾盆地冀中坳陷霸县地区是地热资源富集区,其以"雄县模式"为示范引领,成功打造了中国第一个"无烟城"。为指导下一步地热能的勘探开发,基于大量油田钻井实测温度和压力数据,对该区现今地温梯度及温度、压力平面分布特征进行了系统研究,探讨了温压场与地热资源的关系。结果表明:(1)该区现今地温梯度介于21.8~73.5℃/km,平均值为33.5℃/km;(2)霸县地区地层温度随着深度的增加而逐渐升高,其平面变化特征与地温梯度展布特征相似,两者都与基底起伏形态具有很好的对应关系——对于同一深度,牛驼镇凸起温度最高,而廊固凹陷和霸县凹陷则较低,牛驼镇凸起北部、霸县凹陷中部及廊固凹陷中东部普遍存在高异常温度区,是潜在的地热资源有利开发区;(3)霸县地区现今地层压力以常压、弱超压为主,其平面分布规律随深度变化而存在着一定的差异,廊固凹陷南部和霸县凹陷南部在深度4 000 m处普遍发育中—强超压带,在开展下一步的地热能开发时需要格外注意。     

倾斜功能材料的开发动向

介绍了倾斜功能材料的概念；倾斜功能材料的合成工艺；倾斜功能材料的应用例及展望。     

爆破振动在台阶边坡上的传播规律与预测分析

基于台阶地形模型爆破振动测试实验,研究爆破振动在台阶地形的传播规律及测点位置对爆破振动速度预测的影响规律。结果表明,爆破振动速度随着水平距离的增加总体呈衰减趋势,恒有垂直方向爆破振动速度远大于水平径向和水平切向,台阶边缘爆破振动速度存在局部放大现象;将台阶不同位置测点分成三类:Ⅰ类(包括全部测点)、Ⅱ类(包括水平地面测点、台阶中部、根部测点)、Ⅲ类(包括水平地面测点、台阶根部测点),分别应用萨道夫斯基公式和高程修正公式进行预测,发现高程修正公式的预测精度明显优于萨道夫斯基公式;Ⅲ类测点预测进度最优,Ⅱ类次之,Ⅰ类最差。建议进行边坡地形爆破振动速度预测时,只选取边坡台阶根部测点的振动速度进行预测分析。     

CMOS／BESOI电特性的温度依赖性研究

采用Ｉ－Ｖ测试技术，研究了ＣＭＯＳ／ＢＥＳＯＩ器件的Ｉ－Ｖ亚阈特性与温度的关系。结果表明，随着温度的升高，Ｉ－Ｖ曲线的亚或斜率减小，且阈电压漂移增加。     

激光加热在Al2O3/Ti系梯度功能材料制备过程中的作用及机理

梯度功能材料是一种界面连续化的新型复合材料,本文研究了激光加热在合成Al2O3/Ti系梯度功能材料过程中的作用和机理,同时用激光大光斑加热方法制备出直径11mm厚度3mm完整的FGM试样并加以分析,以及首次采用在试样中埋设微细热电偶成功地测出了激光加热造成的温度梯度分布。     

低渗油藏试井分析及产能评价方法探讨

通过低渗透油田试井技术的研究可以为低渗透油田开发提供大量有用信息,对优化调整低渗透油田开发方案具有指导意义。在详细研究前人对低渗油藏渗流特征认识的基础上,提出了困扰低渗油田试井解释的三大难题：交接面存在附加阻力、存在启动压力梯度及指数型压力梯度的试井模型及其解析解,并给出了试井理论曲线特征,为低渗透油田试井资料的解释及产能评价提供了技术手段。并用实例进行了验证,证实了该技术的实用性。     

济阳坳陷第三系隐蔽油气藏勘探理论与实践

作为典型的陆相断陷盆地,济阳坳陷经受了复杂的构造活动和沉积作用,隐蔽油气藏十分发育。通过隐蔽油气藏形成机制的研究,提出了三个重要的理论认识:其一,断裂主导的盆地构造活动形成的陡坡和缓坡断阶、盆内和凸缘坡折控制了储集岩的形成与分布,成为隐蔽圈闭目标区带优选的基础,亦即“断坡控砂”;其二,网毯式、“T”型、阶梯型、裂隙型等输导类型在盆地特定的时空域发育和产生作用,构成了复杂的油气输导网络体系,成为隐蔽油气藏勘探方向评价的条件,亦即“复式输导”;其三,相(接受条件)、势(动力条件)存在的耦合关系,决定了油气成藏的基本条件和不同特点,成为勘探目标评价的关键,亦即“相势控藏”。这三个观点构成了陆相断陷盆地隐蔽油气藏勘探思维的核心,有力地指导了“十五”期间济阳坳陷的隐蔽油气藏勘探。     

PETROLEUM POTENTIAL, THERMAL MATURITY AND THE OIL WINDOW OF OIL SHALES AND COALS IN CENOZOIC RIFT BASINS, CENTRAL AND NORTHERN THAILAND

Oil shales and coals occur in Cenozoic rift basins in central and northern Thailand. Thermally immature outcrops of these rocks may constitute analogues for source rocks which have generated oil in several of these rift basins. A total of 56 oil shale and coal samples were collected from eight different basins and analysed in detail in this study. The samples were analysed for their content of total organic carbon (TOC) and elemental composition. Source rock quality was determined by Rock‐Eval pyrolysis. Reflected light microscopy was used to analyse the organic matter (maceral) composition of the rocks, and the thermal maturity was determined by vitrinite reflectance (VR) measurements. In addition to the 56 samples, VR measurements were carried out in three wells from two oil‐producing basins and VR gradients were constructed. Rock‐Eval screening data from one of the wells is also presented. The oil shales were deposited in freshwater (to brackish) lakes with a high preservation potential (TOC contents up to 44.18 wt%). They contain abundant lamalginite and principally algal‐derived fluorescing amorphous organic matter followed by liptodetrinite and telalginite (Botryococcus‐type). Huminite may be present in subordinate amounts. The coals are completely dominated by huminite and were formed in freshwater mires. VR values from 0.38 to 0.47%R_o show that the exposed coals are thermally immature. VR values from the associated oil shales are suppressed by 0.11 to 0.28%R_o. The oil shales have H/C ratios >1.43, and Hydrogen Index (HI) values are generally >400 mg HC/g TOC and may reach 704 mg HC/ gTOC. In general, the coals have H/C ratios between about 0.80 and 0.90, and the HI values vary considerably from approximately 50 to 300 mg HC/gTOC. The HI_max of the coals, which represent the true source rock potential, range from ～160 to 310 mg HC/g TOC indicating a potential for oil/gas and oil generation. The steep VR curves from the oil‐producing basins reflect high geothermal gradients of ～62°C/km and ～92°C/km. The depth to the top oil window for the oil shales at a VR of ～0.70%R_o is determined to be between ～1100 m and 1800 m depending on the geothermal gradient. The kerogen composition of the oil shales and the high geothermal gradients result in narrow oil windows, possibly spanning only ～300 to 400 m in the warmest basins. The effective oil window of the coals is estimated to start from ～0.82 to 0.98%R_o and burial depths of ～1300 to 1400 m (～92°C/km) and ～2100 to 2300 m (～62°C/km) are necessary for efficient oil expulsion to occur.     

松辽盆地北部西斜坡油气成藏模式和主控因素

松辽盆地北部西斜坡主要有背斜、构造-岩性、岩性上倾尖灭、透镜体、断层遮挡和地层不整合6种类型油气藏,主要目的层为高台子油层和萨尔图油层。在研究油气藏类型及特征的基础上,通过油气分布规律和成藏期次的研究,总结出松辽盆地北部西斜坡油气运聚成藏模式主要有6种,即地层不整合圈闭油气运聚成藏模式、砂岩上倾尖灭圈闭油气运聚成藏模式、构造及构造-岩性圈闭油气运聚成藏模式、断层一岩性圈闭油气运聚成藏模式、断层遮挡圈闭油气运聚成藏模式、砂岩透镜体圈闭油气运聚成藏模式,并确定了油气成藏与分布的主控因素。