An Eco-Friendly Approach to the Control of Pathogenic Microbes and Anopheles stephensi Malarial Vector Using Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles (Mg-NPs) Fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum

The discovery of eco-friendly, rapid, and cost-effective compounds to control diseases caused by microbes and insects are the main challenges. Herein, the magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) are successfully fabricated by harnessing the metabolites secreted by Penicillium chrysogenum. The fabricated MgO-NPs were characterized using UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, DLS, EDX, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Data showed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with sizes of 7–40 nm at a maximum wavelength of 250 nm. The EDX analysis confirms the presence of Mg and O ions as the main components with weight percentages of 13.62% and 7.76%, respectively. The activity of MgO-NPs as an antimicrobial agent was investigated against pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, and exhibited zone of inhibitions of 12.0 ± 0.0, 12.7 ± 0.9, 23.3 ± 0.8, 17.7 ± 1.6, and 14.7 ± 0.6 mm respectively, at 200 µg mL⁻¹. The activity is decreased by decreasing the MgO-NPs concentration. The biogenic MgO-NPs exhibit high efficacy against different larvae instar and pupa of Anopheles stephensi, with LC50 values of 12.5–15.5 ppm for I–IV larvae instar and 16.5 ppm for the pupa. Additionally, 5 mg/cm² of MgO-NPs showed the highest protection percentages against adults of Anopheles stephensi, with values of 100% for 150 min and 67.6% ± 1.4% for 210 min.     

超临界流体在有机合成中的应用新进展

综述了超临界流体应用于有机合成的新成果及新动向,包括催化氢化、Diels-Alder反应、烯键易位反应、环化反应、费托合成、傅克烷基化反应、酯化反应、氧化反应、烷基化反应、重排反应和水解反应等方面。它在绿色化学反应方面具有很大的潜在优势。     

建筑供排水用聚丙烯管道(PP-R)特性简析

PP -R管道具有质轻、连接方便、良好耐热性和较小导热系数、耐腐蚀且管道阻力小等优点 ,属绿色产品 ,本文对施工过程中就PP -R管与混凝土的粘结不密、抗紫外性能差等问题提出了相应的处理措施     

Theoretical Models for Binder Burnout

The kinetics of binder burnout, from a ceramic green body, are considered for the case of an "unzipping" binder which decomposes to produce a volatile monomer. The process is considered to fail if the concentration of monomer in the green body exceeds that in equilibrium with vapor at 1 atm (≅10⁵ Pa), when an internal bubble would be expected to form. Steady-state diffusional calculations and computer simulations explore the size and temperature dependence of the process and are in agreement. The model suggests that it is not feasible to burn out a large flat piece greater than about 3 mm thick, without going to very long times of burnout. The kinetics are significantly improved if porosity develops in the piece during the early stages of decomposition, as opposed to the retreat of the binder into the piece on a uniform front.     

硫酸铜灭藻影响因素的试验研究

目的通过对硫酸铜灭藻影响因素的试验研究,确定出硫酸铜灭藻的最佳工况条件.方法以叶绿素a法作为检测方法,通过烧杯试验,确定处理含藻水的最佳硫酸铜投加量、接触反应时间、pH等参数.结果硫酸铜最佳投加量为1.5 mg/L;硫酸铜适宜的接触反应时间为8～12 h;pH值6.6左右时,硫酸铜藻类去除率较高,pH值＞9时,藻类去除率显著降低.结论 pH值对硫酸铜灭藻效果的影响较大;温度对硫酸铜灭藻有一定的影响;水中还原物质浓度对硫酸铜灭藻影响较小;藻类浓度不同对硫酸铜灭藻效果有一定的影响.     

苯甲酸催化加氢合成环己基甲酸的研究

采用绿色合成法,在水相条件下,在Pd/C催化剂的作用下用苯甲酸催化氢化合成环己基甲酸.通过一系列的实验,得到了较好的合成环己基甲酸的工艺条件,在该条件下,能够得到比较纯的产物和较好的产物收率.     

中国涂料现状及今后发展热点(一)

综述了目前中国涂料业的发展概况,并介绍了今后发展趋势和研究热点──防腐蚀涂料、卷材涂料、功能涂料、绿色木器涂料和粉末涂料等5种涂料。     

洗涤剂、化妆品、表面活性剂与绿色化学

阐述了绿色化学的概念，结合日用化工中洗涤剂、化妆品以及表面活性剂的绿色化进行了探讨。酶制剂将成为洗涤剂的主要组分，绿色生物材料甲壳低聚糖将广泛应用于日化等多种领域中。     

元明青花红绿彩的研究与考证

青花红绿彩作为加彩器的一种,比传统的观点早一个朝代,根据明中青花红绿彩盖罐结合最新的窑址考古成果,得出元代的窑炉设计和釉面配方的缺陷,使元代青花红绿彩的生产和存世极少,明官窑中由于斗彩的出现,青花红绿彩在民间一直沿烧。与元代风格相近,只是到了后期风格才大变。     

我国氢能产业发展和氢资源探讨

分析了我国氢能产业近期发展情况,我国氢能产业正步入快速发展机遇期。指出氢能是21世纪最具发展潜力的一种清洁二次能源,具有"清洁、高效、安全、可持续"四大特点,被誉为未来世界能源架构的核心。重点讨论了我国氢资源和绿色氢气制备问题,指出目前实际使用的氢气包括"灰氢""蓝氢"和"绿氢"三大类,显然"灰氢"不可取,"蓝氢"可以用,"废氢"可回收,"绿氢"是方向。讨论了加快氢能系统建设,建立发展氢气存储和运输系统及加氢站基础设施建设等问题。未来,我国氢能产业发展潜力巨大,但是在下决心大力发展氢能产业时,需要高度注意目前存在的实际情况和困难,要防范一系列的产业风险,做到有序发展,稳中有进,才能实施氢能产业的可持续发展。