斜拉索施工技术

以具体工程为例,对斜拉索施工技术进行了探讨,阐述了斜拉索施工准备工作的内容,详细说明了斜拉索安装过程中HDPE外套管吊装、钢绞线穿索、斜拉索张拉、附件安装及防腐保护等施工技巧,为类似工程提供参考。     

毒死蜱在温室和露地番茄中的残留降解动态研究

采用气相色谱技术,对毒死蜱在露地和温室番茄中的残留消解动态、最终残留量进行了研究。结果表明:毒死蜱在露地番茄中的降解半衰期为4.4~5.1 d,在温室番茄中的降解半衰期为4.3~4.5 d。48%毒死蜱乳油按推荐有效成分用量450 g/hm~2喷施2~3次,药后7 d露地和温室番茄中的最终残留量分别为0.24~0.27 mg/kg和0.36~0.39 mg/kg。     

基于PLC控制的温室大棚系统设计研究

PLC技术是一种新型智能控制技术,它主要采用网络程序编程实现管理系统控制,将PLC控制技术应用到温室大棚系统设计中,能够实现对温室大棚中温度、湿度、阳光、以及室内二氧化碳等多项指数智能化检测,是现代农业种植技术合理应用的表现,有效的保障了农作物的健康生长.     

A re-look at the biochemical strategies to enhance butanol production

Butanol produced from renewable feedstock is defined as an emerging biofuel and biochemical. Research efforts made during the last three decades on biochemical production of butanol via conventional ABE (acetone-ethanol-butanol) fermentation has tried to bring biobutanol close to competition with petrobutanol. However, each new effort of development has been often countered by new challenges, confining biobutanol production mostly to the laboratory scale. This review provides a systematic, comparative analysis of different steps in biochemical production of butanol and identifies the counteractive aspects and challenges to overcome. A special emphasis is given on process inhibitors, applied detoxification techniques, chemical supplements and research & development in industry in order to enhance and update ABE fermentation and make it cost effective. Biobutanol future lies in utilization of inexpensive cellulose enriched lignocellulosic hydrolysates and hyper-butanol producing bacteria, combined with specific detoxification techniques and followed by efficient continuous fermentation technologies together with in situ product recovery.     

智能温室环境感知系统设计

随着传感器技术和物联网技术的发展,采用现代传感器以及物联网技术进行无线传输信息,对于农业温室大棚环境监测具有一定的应用价值。本文以单片机STC15F2K60S2为核心,通过将光照强度传感器、温湿度传感器、CO2传感器整合在一个系统中,来实现对温室大棚的监测和报警,并将数据通过无线传输方式传送到监控室。通过对环境的监测与控制来提高作物产率和经济效益。     

碳中和约束下绿色减排体系的构建

基于对CO₂具有“既是亟待减排的温室气体,又是人类生存必不可少的可再生资源”双重性的认知,本文首次提出了碳中和约束下的“污染温室因子禁排、CO₂净零排放、调控CH₄产生和排放”的温室因子绿色减排体系。文中从两个方面提出绿色减排体系的构建：在国家层面,通过制定相关减排政策体系、进行国家超级工程和行动,为我国实现“30·60双碳目标”提供依据、标准和规范,形成实施绿色碳减排的基石和支撑体系;在微观技术层面,通过全过程控碳排放的CO₂绿色减排技术,包括源头上避免高碳排放、过程中控制碳排放、末端强化碳循环与捕集利用（3CU）等。最后指出,依靠能源绿色低碳转型,以节能降耗和生物固碳为抓手,疏堵结合,满足自然界的碳循环平衡需求,高效低成本实现经济社会高质量低碳化发展、生态文明建设与应对气候变化的三赢,将会促进我国2030年前达到峰值和2060年前实现碳中和。     

国际典型的温室气体减排计划对比分析

2018年3月国务院机构改革结束了以CO2为主的温室气体(GHG)与SO2、氮氧化物等大气污染物分开管理的局面,同时,温室气体控排正式以环境保护问题被企业和社会重新认读。温室气体减排机制是高耗能企业实现减排目标的重要手段。清洁发展机制（CDM）和核证碳标准（VCS）是典型的国际温室气体减排计划,本文对比研究其开发标准和流程、注册登记系统、第三方资质认可以及与其他GHG计划的联系等,并探讨全国碳市场下的中国自愿减排机制（CCER）的重启问题。     

Ethanologens vs. acetogens: Environmental impacts of two ethanol fermentation pathways

Bioconversion production of ethanol from cellulosic feedstock is generally proposed to use direct fermentation of sugars to ethanol. Another potential route for ethanol production is fermentation of sugars to acetic acid followed by hydrogenation to convert the acetic acid into ethanol. The advantage of the acetogen pathway is an increased ethanol yield; however, using an acetogen requires the additional hydrogenation, which could substantially affect the life cycle global warming potential of the process. Assuming a poplar feedstock, a cradle to grave Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to evaluate the environmental impacts of an acetogen based fermentation pathway. An LCA of a fermentation pathway that uses ethanologen fermentation is developed for comparison. It is found that the ethanologen and acetogen pathways have Global Warming Potentials (GWP) that are 92% and 46% lower than the GWP of gasoline, respectively. When the absolute GWP reduction compared to gasoline is calculated using a unit of land basis, the benefit of the higher ethanol yield using the acetogen is observed as the two pathways achieve similar GWP savings. The higher ethanol yield in the acetogen process plays a crucial role in choosing a lignocellulosic ethanol production method if land is a limited resource.     

焦炉气制甲醇燃料的生命周期分析

建立了适合我国焦炉气制甲醇生命周期能源消耗与排放的分析模型,进行了焦炉气制甲醇生命周期的分析研究。研究发现,焦炉气制甲醇生命周期以原煤消耗为主,原油消耗下降为占化石能源消耗结构的1%。在总能源消耗方面,焦炉气制甲醇高于传统汽油和煤气化制甲醇路线,其在燃料阶段的能源消耗是传统汽油的6.9倍;与煤气化制甲醇相比,燃料阶段的能耗高出煤气化制甲醇约11%。在温室气体排放方面,焦炉气制甲醇路线温室气体的排放量约是传统汽油的1.8倍,其CO2和GHGs排放比煤气化制甲醇路线的少10%以上。     

校园生活垃圾收集过程中温室气体排放比较

以电力、柴油、生物柴油三种能源为车辆提供动力,分别计算并比较上述能源在校园生活垃圾收运过程中产生的全生命周期温室气体排放量。结果显示,以生物柴油(菜籽油)为燃料时,校园生活垃圾收运过程中所产生的温室气体量最少,仅为6.2×103g CO2-当量;其次为柴油,温室气体排放量为2.2×104 gCO2-当量;以电力为燃料所排放的温室气体量最多,为2.6×104gCO2-当量。