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121.
122.
B.‐J. Fang Y.‐J. Shan H.‐Q. Xu H.‐S. Luo Z.‐W. Yin 《Advanced functional materials》2004,14(2):169-173
Pb[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)0.91Ti0.09]O3 (PZNT91/9) single crystals were grown by two methods: from solution using PbO as a self‐fluxing agent (SC method) and directly from the melt without fluxing (MC method). In both growth methods, an allomeric Pb[(Mg1/3‐Nb2/3)0.69Ti0.31]O3 (PMNT69/31) single crystal was used as a seed. X‐ray diffraction patterns of ground crystals showed that phase‐pure perovskite PZNT91/9 single crystals were successfully fabricated by the above two methods. The composition of the crystals obtained by both the SC and MC methods was analyzed using X‐ray fluorescence, which confirmed that the crystal composition is close to the nominal value, although volatilization of PbO and segregation during crystal growth are inevitable. The MC PZNT91/9 crystals exhibit excellent piezoelectric properties, with the piezoelectric constant, d33, in the range of 1800–2200 pC N–1. This value is comparable to that of the SC crystals. However, the MC crystals show an abnormal dielectric behavior. In contrast with the SC crystals, in the MC crystals a much broader dielectric peak appears in the dielectric response curves, accompanied by a much lower peak temperature of around 105 °C. Furthermore, frequency dispersion is apparent over a much wider temperature range (even more apparent than in pure relaxors), where a large, i.e., about 70 °C, full width at half maximum (FWHM) for the dielectric peaks is observed in the dielectric response. It is speculated that such an unusual phenomenon correlates with defects, microinhomogeneities, and polar regions in the as‐grown MC crystals. The origins of this abnormality have not been interpreted in detail until now. However, optical observation of the domain structure confirms that both the SC and MC crystals possess complex structural states. 相似文献
123.
A cell vertex finite volume method for the solution of steady compressible turbulent flow problems on unstructured hybrid
meshes of tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids and hexahedra is described. These hybrid meshes are constructed by firstly discretising
the computational domain using tetrahedral elements and then by merging certain tetrahedra. A one equation turbulence model
is employed and the solution of the steady flow equations is obtained by explicit relaxation. The solution process is accelerated
by the addition of a multigrid method, in which the coarse meshes are generated by agglomeration, and by parallelisation.
The approach is shown to be effective for the simulation of a number of 3D flows of current practical interest.
Sponsored by The Research Council of Norway, project number 125676/410
Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, a respected colleague 相似文献
124.
Fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks with the coupled extended finite element/fast marching method 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A numerical technique for modeling fatigue crack propagation of multiple coplanar cracks is presented. The proposed method couples the extended finite element method (X-FEM) [Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng. 48 (11) (2000) 1549] to the fast marching method (FMM) [Level Set Methods & Fast Marching Methods: Evolving Interfaces in Computational Geometry, Fluid Mechanics, Computer Vision, and Materials Science, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1999]. The entire crack geometry, including one or more cracks, is represented by a single signed distance (level set) function. Merging of distinct cracks is handled naturally by the FMM with no collision detection or mesh reconstruction required. The FMM in conjunction with the Paris crack growth law is used to advance the crack front. In the X-FEM, a discontinuous function and the two-dimensional asymptotic crack-tip displacement fields are added to the finite element approximation to account for the crack using the notion of partition of unity [Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Engng. 139 (1996) 289]. This enables the domain to be modeled by a single fixed finite element mesh with no explicit meshing of the crack surfaces. In an earlier study [Engng. Fract. Mech. 70 (1) (2003) 29], the methodology, algorithm, and implementation for three-dimensional crack propagation of single cracks was introduced. In this paper, simulations for multiple planar cracks are presented, with crack merging and fatigue growth carried out without any user-intervention or remeshing. 相似文献
125.
化学-电解氧化法制备高铁酸钾的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文用化学-电解氧化法制备高铁酸钾,克服了纯化学氧化法产品需要提纯和纯电解氧化法制备周期长的缺点,得到了高纯度的高铁酸钾晶体。 相似文献
126.
钻井井喷失控井喷流出口速度预测方法研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
失控井喷流出口速度、喷口内压力、喷层产量都是井喷失控处理方案设计、作业施工中重要的基础数据。由于井喷失控井井口环境条件复杂,井喷失控后无法在井口安装测量仪表及在高速喷流中放入参照物,不能直接获取以上数据。文章利用地质、钻井过程获得的地层物性参数和气体动力学方程,探讨井喷失控井天然气喷流在不同井筒流动尺寸及组合的喷流速度预测模型,可应用薄剪切模型或RNG修正的k-ε模型定量描述速度场、温度场、浓度场颁。为井喷失控井处理方案设计、施工作业提供基础数据。 相似文献
127.
128.
采用BFDH模型和AE模型预测柴油中蜡晶的理论形态,与通过相衬光学显微镜在冷环境平台上观察柴油蜡晶在低温下析出的实际形态。以及加入低温流动性改进剂T1804的柴油蜡晶形态进行比较研究。以十八烷晶体和二十三烷晶体作为柴油蜡晶中偶数正构烷烃和奇数正构烷烃的模型化合物,得到它们的晶体理论形态为六面体薄片状晶体。不同降温速率下得到的蜡晶的实际形态与大小均不同。快速降温条件下得到的晶体形态主要为六边形、菱形和其它少数不规则多边形薄片状集合体;慢速降温条件下得到的柴油蜡晶的形态比较完整,为六边形片状,与通过BFDH和AE模型得到的十八烷即偶数正构烷烃的形态比较接近。柴油加T1804后,快速降温时,出现更多细小的无规则晶体,且很快聚集成片状晶体;慢速降温时,出现晶体的数目要多于未加剂柴油,形状不规则,且尺寸小于未加剂柴油。 相似文献
129.
Zanozina I. I. Shabalina O. E. Zanozin I. Yu. Kamyzina E. A. 《Measurement Techniques》2004,47(3):308-311
A computerized form is given of IR spectral determination for structural group composition in high-boiling oil fractions by Berthold's method (7 structural elements) and Kuklinskii's method (28 structural elements), which reduces the analysis time by factors of 3–4 and improves the accuracy. 相似文献
130.
聚合物熔体的非等温平板收缩流动的数值模拟 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
用有限元法模拟了Carreau流体在4:1平板收缩口模中的非等温挤出流动,采用3节点的三角形单元对速度、压力和温度进行等阶插值,运用特殊的罚函数处理流体的不可压缩条件,解决了压力场的数值振荡问题,并用改进的Newton迭代法对非线性方程进行求解,成功地计算了Carreau流体在平板收缩流动中的速度、压力、粘度以及应力的分布,同时得到温度场的分布,计算的应力分布与实验的结果及Renardy的分析结构相符。 相似文献