白酒中晶状沉淀的研究

白酒中的异物多种多样,既有外界带入的,也有自身经过一系列的物理或化学变化后形成的。晶状沉淀是一种经常容易出现的沉淀,是酒液中的Ca^2＋、SO4^2-的浓度积超过其浓度积常数后形成CaSO4·2H2O结晶状沉淀析出的。     

页岩气井压裂返排液对储层裂缝的损害机理

为了弄清压裂液返排过程中对页岩气储层裂缝的损害机理,选取四川盆地长宁区块下志留统龙马溪组页岩和压裂返排液,利用压裂返排液对造缝岩样开展压裂液返排和气驱压裂液实验,监测压裂液返排流动阶段的岩样液相渗透率、返排液固相粒度分布和浊度变化,对比压裂液气驱前后的气测渗透率,分析压裂返排液对页岩气储层中裂缝的损害机理与损害程度。研究结果表明：①压裂返排液作用后,页岩渗透率损害率介于53.1%～97.6%,返排液固相粒度区间显著缩小,液相滞留所造成的相圈闭损害、固相残渣堵塞、气相携液诱发微粒运移和盐结晶是其主要的损害方式;②气相流阶段,渗透率损害率降至23.1%～80.2%,滞留液相损害有所缓解,但固相残渣堵塞和返排液在裂缝面的盐结晶损害仍然难以避免;③基于页岩气井压裂液返排过程中对裂缝的损害机理,考虑到返排液的处理难度及其对储层裂缝的损害,建议应积极发挥压裂液的造缝能力,优化压裂液性质与用量,尽量做到不返排或少返排压裂液。     

基于ERT技术的硫酸钡颗粒形成过程研究

采用电阻层析成像技术（ERT）实时监测反应器内横截面电导率变化,进而考查络合法形成球形硫酸钡颗粒的过程中溶液电导率变化趋势。在拟均相条件下,根据ERT实时监测、采集、分析硫酸钡颗粒生成过程中电导率变化情况,得出电导率变化曲线,并采用扫描电子显微镜方法观察随着反应时间变化硫酸钡颗粒的形态变化情况。实验结果表明,使用ERT监测电导率变化可以得出不同浓度条件下电导率变化趋势及其浓度条件下的最适宜反应时间,并验证了采用电阻层析技术（ERT）对研究硫酸钡颗粒的形成具有较高的灵敏度,可用于研究硫酸钡颗粒的形成最适宜时间;用扫描电子显微镜观察络合法合成硫酸钡最开始形成一种梭型颗粒,随着钡离子的缓慢释放,硫酸钡颗粒不断生长,最终得到粒度均匀、分散性良好的球形硫酸钡颗粒。     

热处理对增材制造生物纯钛力学性能的影响

选区激光熔化(selective laser melting,SLM)能直接根据CAD模型制备形状复杂的个性化医用植入物.本工作旨在研究SLM和后续热处理后生物纯钛(TAl)的显微组织和力学性能.结果 表明,SLM打印后的TAl合金为针片状a'马氏体组织,且沿建造方向保留初始β柱状晶形貌;热处理后发生再结晶组织转变,形...     

Synthesis,characterization and use of iron oxide nano particles for antibacterial activity

In this decade, the use of nano particles (NPs) against bacterial growth is increasing day by day due to remarkable alternative properties compared to molecular antibiotics. Thus, the use of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) has proven one of the most important transition metals oxide‐based remedy in nanotechnological advances and biological applications due to enriched biocompatibility of iron. In this study synthesis of IONPs was carried out via co‐precipitation method. The crystallographic morphology of the synthesized particles was studied via X‐ray diffraction which revealed cubic structure of the particles, whereas, the spinal shaped morphology of the prepared NPs was confirmed from scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, the presence of the major elements in the sample was determined through energy dispersive X‐ray analysis characterization. Bactericidal effect of the NPs was assessed at pre‐defined concentrations (50 and 100 μg/ml) against Gram +ve bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram ?ve bacteria Shigella dysentry and Escherichia coli . Bacterial strains, which demonstrate the potential of NPs. The purpose of this study was assessing the structure of the synthesized NPs for protective effect against harmful bacterial activity.     

Development of a novel ANFIS-GA method for investigation of effect of inhibitors on asphaltene precipitation

Asphaltene precipitation and deposition in different parts of petroleum industry increase considerably cost and problems in oil production. Due to these facts controlling asphaltene precipitation becomes one of valuable topics for research in petroleum engineering. Utilization of Asphaltene inhibitors is known as one of the dominant methods for controlling asphaltene precipitation so in this paper Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) is joint with Genetic Algorithm (GA) to study effectiveness of asphaltene inhibitors on precipitation in terms of oil and inhibitors properties. In order to prepare and evaluate the ANFIS-GA algorithm, some reliable experimental data were gathered. The obtained results from the comparison shows the coefficient of determination (R²) for training and testing phases are 0.98804 and 0.9916 respectively. The determined indexes and graphical comparisons expresses that ANFIS-GA has enough accuracy and potential to estimate effectiveness of inhibitors on asphaltene precipitation reductions.     

十一烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物的制备与表征

以十一烯酸(UA)和马来酸酐(MAH)为原料,偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂,通过沉淀聚合的方法制备了十一烯酸/马来酸酐共聚物(UMA),研究了单体配比、引发剂用量及反应温度对共聚反应的影响,通过FT-IR、¹³C NMR、DSC分析和酸酐质量分数的测定对共聚物进行了表征。FT-IR和¹³C NMR结果表明：在实验条件下,十一烯酸(UA)与马来酸酐(MAH)发生了共聚反应。当反应温度为75 ℃、AIBN用量为0.75%时,随着MAH用量的增加,共聚物相对分子质量减小,得率和酸酐质量分数呈现先增大后略有减小的趋势,当UA与MAH的物质的量之比为40:60时共聚物的得率及酸酐质量分数均达到最大值,分别为61.78%和20.05%,与DSC曲线中玻璃化转变温度(T_g)的变化趋势基本一致,即当n(UA):n(MAH)为40:60,T_g达到最大值71.98 ℃。提高引发剂用量和反应温度有利于共聚反应的进行,但相对分子质量有所下降,因此可根据所需聚合物的性质来选择合适的反应条件。     

颗粒表面金属铁析出规律的热力学研究

从热力学角度出发,揭示了还原条件对高温气基还原过程中颗粒表面铁析出行为的影响规律,提出了通过改变还原气氛调控铁析出形貌的操控方法。研究表明在CO中混入H₂可以加快铁晶粒的生长速率,同时增加还原初期矿粉表面的铁形核数量,导致矿粉表面新生成的金属铁由晶须状转变为致密状。随着CO-CO₂中CO₂含量的升高,矿粉表面新生成的金属铁会由“锋利”的晶须状转变为“仙人掌状”,并且表面铁的分布密度会变小。随着还原温度的降低,矿粉表面铁晶须的强度会变弱。     

酪蛋白质量分数作为乳品掺假检验指标的探讨

论述了我国乳品掺假的原因、方式和危害,以及掺假鉴定的必要性和重要性,分析了酪蛋白是牛乳中的特征性成分,根据乳品中酪蛋白占乳蛋白的质量比例（即酪蛋白质量分数）一般会稳定在77%～78%左右,提出了酪蛋白质量分数≥73%,可以作为乳品掺假检验的定量指标,探讨了国内外酪蛋白定量检测方法的研究现状。结果表明,等电点沉淀法无疑是一种适合我国国情的、操作简单的酪蛋白检验方法,对防治乳品掺假具有重要的现实意义,并通过分析提出了该检验方法所需研究的内容。