试论海湾对海相石油的控制作用

全球已发现的石油储量约80%来自海相烃源岩（约20%来自湖相）,在不同的含油盆地,油藏形成的主控因素不同,但纵观全球盆地,最重要、最普通的成藏控制要素是油源,即"源控"最重要。通过对海相烃源岩形成条件的探索,研究了全球主要的海相盆地,发现波斯湾、西西伯利亚、墨西哥湾、北海、大西洋、东非海岸、四川、塔里木和古特提斯洋等盆地的主力烃源岩形成时都是海湾,即三面是陆地,且多数海湾只有1个（少数有2~3个）水道与大洋相连。海湾是河流最有利的入海口,河流经过风化剥蚀区溶解了大量矿物,将磷、铁、钾等元素带入海湾,成为藻类等水生生物的主要营养物质（大洋上升流带来的营养物到达不了海湾）。由于海湾与大洋的海水置换、交流受阻,因此保持了营养物质高浓度,保证了藻类等水生生物长期繁殖。由于海湾风浪较小,有利于有机质保存,因此利于形成优质烃源岩。对渤海、东海、南海、太湖、滇池等现代海洋、湖泊生物与河流关系的研究,也进一步证实了水生生物生长的主要营养物质来源于陆上的河流。     

渤海湾地区油田采出水的处理方法探讨

随着渤海湾地区几个油田在高含水期的大范围开发 ,从地下采出的高矿化度地层水越来越多地流散于油区地表 ,对当地生态环境带来了严重影响。通过对地下采出水的化学分析鉴定 ,提出了将相对深部地下水回注于相对浅层砂岩水系地层中的科学水处理方法 ,并对两相水体的匹配性和回注地层的地质特征进行了论证。这一技术思路的提出和实施将有助于长期以来渤海湾地区油田采出水污染问题的解决     

红外制导技术发展综述（Ⅰ）

介绍并评述了海湾战争使用的精确制导弹药，对三代红外制导、两代红外成像制导、三代反坦克导弹，以及末敏弹和末制导炮弹的发展，作比较详细和系统的综述；最后介绍采用复合制导体制的末制导炮弹。     

H2S pollution: a gulf war problem. prediction of Henry's constant for H2S under simple experimental conditions

One of the major concerns after the Iraqi invasion was the possibility of air pollution due to the presence of many volatile contaminants emitted from sewage tanks and pipeline. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) was one of the major contaminants and was a common cause of complaint from the residents in the Ardiya district in Kuwait.

In this study an effort was made to develop an apparatus for the estimation of Henry's constant (H) for H₂S. The accuracy of this instrument was counter checked with respect to published data. The experiments could be reproduced with a maximum error of 10%. The experiments were performed between 20–40°C. Henry's constants for the sewage water were found to be 600, 720 and 905 atm/mole at 20, 30 and 40°C. The values were compared to the literature values and were found to be on the higher side, indicating a need for remedial measures.     

浅谈宁波杭州湾新区管线施工

根据杭州湾新区地质情况,对管材的选择和施工进行了分析,阐述了管道施工的注意事项,从管道与检查井结合及管道连接方式等方面进行了论述,在实际使用中已达到了一定效果。     

Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons and its impact on organic matters of living organisms in the northwestern Gulf of Suez,Egypt

Abstract

The levels of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) have been reported for ten commercially important fish species from the northwestern Gulf of Suez, Egypt. Target compounds were analytically determined with gas chromatography–flame ionization detector and High-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Results showed that total petroleum hydrocarbon varied from 21700 to 1503100?ng/g wet wt., Argyrops Spinifer showed the highest level of TPH in the muscle tissue followed by Euthynnus affinis 1459800?ng/g wet wt. These data are very important for coming pollution monitoring program to the Suez Gulf. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (16 PAHs) varied between 81.499 and 5895.608?ng/g wet wt. The diagnostic indices used showed that the hydrocarbons in the area were from both biogenic and anthropogenic sources. Hence, there is need for adequate regulation and control of all activities contributing to the levels of petroleum hydrocarbon in the marine environment for the safety of human, and fish species lives in the area.     

墨西哥湾漏油事件对中国的警示

墨西哥湾漏油事件作为美国历史上最严重的漏油事故,在对周围地区环境、经济以及人民生活产生严重影响的同时,也改变着美国的能源政策及格局。本文从墨西哥湾漏油事件发生的技术、管理两方面原因入手,分析了这一事故对美国能源政策在安全评价、能源替代、技术创新和政府监管方面的影响,基于这一连锁反应,提出对我国石油工业开发与管理方面的警示作用,如：技术与管理、承包商责任、可再生能源的开发以及能源的法律跟进等,以期对我国石油工业的发展及石油企业的管理提供建议。     

浸没式超滤海水预处理工艺

目前渤海湾反渗透海水淡化工程多采用新型的超滤膜法预处理工艺,为提高预处理效果,主要进行超滤膜材料和性能改进以及膜组件运行参数的优化,而对超滤膜前预处理的研究相对较少。本实验研究了超滤与混凝/超滤作为反渗透海水淡化预处理工艺的处理效果。考察了两种预处理工艺条件下浸没式超滤膜比通量(SF)、进水水质、产水水质,膜孔孔径变化、反洗效果及膜表面污染情况。结果表明,超滤与混凝/超滤两种预处理工艺都能达到产水SDI₁₅<2.0;混凝处理可以大幅度降低海水中颗粒数目,降低颗粒物在膜表面沉积和吸附的概率,减轻超滤膜的污染。当采用混凝/超滤工艺时超滤膜表面滤饼层疏松多孔,膜孔孔径变化较小,超滤膜比通量的衰减速度减缓,反洗时超滤膜比通量恢复率较高。     

瞄准北部湾经济区产业培养机电类专业高技能人才

针对广西北部湾经济区产业发展的需要,提出了广西机电职业技术学院创新发展的思路和人才培养的模式,以及深化工作机制改革,加快机电类专业高技能人才培养的对策.     

Modeling Neuroimmune Interactions in Human Subjects and Animal Models to Predict Subtype-Specific Multidrug Treatments for Gulf War Illness

Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a persistent chronic neuroinflammatory illness exacerbated by external stressors and characterized by fatigue, musculoskeletal pain, cognitive, and neurological problems linked to underlying immunological dysfunction for which there is no known treatment. As the immune system and the brain communicate through several signaling pathways, including the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, it underlies many of the behavioral and physiological responses to stressors via blood-borne mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and hormones. Signaling by these molecules is mediated by the semipermeable blood–brain barrier (BBB) made up of a monocellular layer forming an integral part of the neuroimmune axis. BBB permeability can be altered and even diminished by both external factors (e.g., chemical agents) and internal conditions (e.g., acute or chronic stress, or cross-signaling from the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis). Such a complex network of regulatory interactions that possess feed-forward and feedback connections can have multiple response dynamics that may include several stable homeostatic states beyond normal health. Here we compare immune and hormone measures in the blood of human clinical samples and mouse models of Gulf War Illness (GWI) subtyped by exposure to traumatic stress for subtyping this complex illness. We do this via constructing a detailed logic model of HPA–HPG–Immune regulatory behavior that also considers signaling pathways across the BBB to neuronal–glial interactions within the brain. We apply conditional interactions to model the effects of changes in BBB permeability. Several stable states are identified in the system beyond typical health. Following alignment of the human and mouse blood profiles in the context of the model, mouse brain sample measures were used to infer the neuroinflammatory state in human GWI and perform treatment simulations using a genetic algorithm to optimize the Monte Carlo simulations of the putative treatment strategies aimed at returning the ill system back to health. We identify several ideal multi-intervention strategies and potential drug candidates that may be used to treat chronic neuroinflammation in GWI.