管道内穿管修复技术的应用

为解决城市地下金属管道由于常年连续运行时间长、防腐技术落后情况下产生漏铁、穿孔腐蚀等问题,阐述了利用管内穿管的先进技术解决地下管道的修复问题.该技术经应用后,施工质量满足使用要求,具有推广价值.     

前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道体型特点及工程应用试验研究

为了避免阶梯溢洪道中前几级阶梯表面发生空蚀破坏,将掺气坎应用到阶梯溢洪道体型设计中,形成前置掺气坎式阶梯溢洪道。这既能充分利用阶梯增加沿程消能的优点,又能扩宽阶梯溢洪道的应用范围。工程模型试验成果表明,通过掺气坎和阶梯的体型优化,各级流量的消能率均达到70%左右。1:40物理模型试验上实测溢洪道阶梯竖直面后的掺气浓度沿程分布均大于5%。研究表明这种新型阶梯溢洪道掺气量与掺气浓度易于控制,底部掺气充分,抗空蚀性能优越,消能率高,可以在高水头、大单宽流量溢洪道中推广应用。     

Cavitation characteristics of pit structure in ultrasonic field

Bubble collecting, bubble holding and micro-bubble ejecting characteristics of pit structure and the influence of cavitation bubble on the development of erosion pit are investigated by means of high-speed photography experiments. Pits tend to collect and hold wandering cavitation bubbles. The air holding phenomenon of pits can be a destination of the incubation period in the process of cavitation erosion. The holding bubble tends to eject micro-bubbles from the top of holding cavitation bubble, making the pit a source of nuclei. With bubbles being held in pits, the diameters of pits increase rapidly. But in the given experiment condition, there is a specific stable value beyond which the diameter of pits will not increase. This characteristic will be helpful in understanding and predicting the cavitation erosion process. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (“973” Program) (Grant No. 2007CB714105) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 50539060)     

酸碱影响下砂岩流变参数识别方法及敏感度

根据长期暴露在自然环境中的砂质岩体易遭受水及可溶离子化学侵蚀作用的事实,通过对相同浓度不同pH值CaCl₂试剂浸泡处理过的砂岩试件进行三轴剪切试验,根据试验结果选取符合试验规律的二阶简化广义Kelvin流变模型,按照定泊松比假设将其变形为三项应力状态。基于搜索模式的最小二乘方法（LSMPS）获取模型参数最优解,以均方根误差评价模型对各参数变化的敏感性程度。采用延迟时间评价砂岩在不同化学环境中达到稳定蠕变过程所需时间。通过搜索模式识别的模型参数能够使模型计算值与加载试验获得的实测值比较接近,表明该模型及其参数识别方法在确定受化学因素干扰下的砂岩流变特征比较适用。     

矸石山风蚀扬尘起尘风速确定研究

利用实测空气颗粒物数据和颗粒物体源扩散模式推导扬尘实际排放强度,根据扬尘实际排放强度突变比例确定不同地区矸石山风蚀扬尘起尘风速。     

西北风沙地区输电导线侵蚀及起晕电压实验模拟研究

针对西北地区风沙侵蚀输电导线现象,研究了导线粗糙度与起晕电压关系,在闭式风道内模拟了输电导线在第一年服役内受强沙尘暴侵蚀过程,并做了侵蚀铝棒的对照实验。用光切显微镜测量了表面粗糙度,电晕笼测量系统测量了起晕电压,再对实验数据插值与拟合处理,分析认为,导线粗糙度随风沙侵蚀呈增大趋势,而起晕电压在试验前期升高,试验中期起伏变化,后期与粗糙度呈负相关关系,即导线起晕电压随着粗糙度增大而降低。     

离子选择电极在水土流失养分监测中的应用

水土流失径流养分监测通常采用野外采集后进行实验室分析的方法,操作复杂。为验证离子选择电极这种可快速测量养分的方法在水土流失监测中的可靠性,以氨氮离子选择电极为例,与传统纳氏试剂分光光度法进行比较,在准确度、抗离子干扰及坡面径流迁移规律等方面进行实验。结果表明:电极法测定范围最大值为1000 mg/L,分光光度法测定范围最大值为2 mg/L;用幂函数模型模拟坡面径流氨氮迁移规律时,电极法测定值的拟合系数为0.9537,分光光度法的为0.9305。在95%的置信水平上,两方法结果并无显著性差异,而电极法的标准偏差小,其结果更接近标准值。     

近钻头旋扭冲击器结构设计与试验

PDC钻头在深井高硬度、研磨性较强的地层钻进时会出现蹩钻、跳钻现象,从而导致钻头机械钻速低、进尺少、经济效益差等问题。为提高钻头机械钻速,克服深井高硬地层普遍存在的粘滑现象,开展了近钻头旋扭冲击器设计研究工作。结合流体力学对工具进行结构优化设计,通过建立三维模型,运用模拟软件对工具结构流场进行有限元仿真分析,确定了工具结构参数。试制样机开展室内及现场的性能测试,样机各项功能正常,达到设计指标,满足现场应用要求。可为后期现场应用及工具的进一步优化改进提供借鉴。     

Structure/property relationships in sintered and thermally sprayed WC-Co

Thermally sprayed WC-Co is widely used as a wear-resistant coating for a variety of applications. Although it is well established that thermal spray processes significantly affect chemistry, microstructure, and the phase distribution of WC-Co coatings, little is known about how these changes influence wear resistance. In this study, the microstructure and wear behavior of sintered and thermally sprayed WC-Co materials are examined. Powders of WC-12 wt% Co and WC-17 wt% Co were pressed and sintered, as well as thermally sprayed by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF), air plasma spray (APS), and vacuum plasma spray (VPS) techniques. Results indicated considerable differences in the resulting microstructures, mechanical properties, and wear resistance. The thermally sprayed coatings showed anisotropic fracture toughness, whereas the sintered materials did not. It was also shown that a combined mechanical property/microstructure parameter, based on considerations of indentation fracture mechanisms, can be used in most cases to describe abrasive and erosive wear resistance of thermally sprayed WC-Co materials as follows: Wear resistance a whereK _ic is the indentation fracture toughness,H is hardness, andV ^Co _f is the volume fraction of cobalt. This relationship provides a means for assessing wear resistance of WC-Co coatings intended for industrial applications requiring abrasion and/or erosion resistance.     

螺纹电极的制作方法

介绍了用电火花成形方法加工螺纹时的电极制作方法，尤其是换电极加工螺纹时电极的制作方法。