浓盐溶液的膜蒸馏机理研究

考察了高浓度氯化钠溶液在直接接触式膜蒸馏操作中的热侧温度，冷侧温度，流速和料液浓度对膜渗透通量的影响。发现膜渗透通量随氯化钠溶液浓度的高而降低。当氯化钠溶液浓度约为25％时，膜渗透通量急剧下降。氯化钠溶液达到饱和时，膜渗透通量逐渐趋于稳定。研究认为此现象是由于膜面上有NaCl结晶形成而导致的。     

结晶垢结垢过程的传热传质模型

通过对结晶垢结垢过程传热传质机理的分析,证明了垢层表面温度随时间的变化会对结垢过程产生重大影响.据此提出了考虑垢层表面温度变化的描述结垢过程的传热传质模型.对恒壁温和恒热流条件下的结垢过程进行了详尽的分析和讨论.结果表明,对恒壁温情况必须考虑垢层表面温度随时间的变化,这一变化是导致结垢过程渐近特性的重要原因之一;而对恒热流情况,垢层表面温度随时间的变化很小,可以忽略它所带来的对结垢过程的影响.与实验数据比较表明,模型预测是正确可靠的.     

Mass transfer between solid particles and liquid in a three phase fluidized bed

Particle-liquid mass transfer in a co-current three-phase fluidized bed of glass beads, water and air was studied with two measurement techniques. Both techniques measured the weight loss of a few particles coated with benzoic acid in a bed of inert glass beads. The effects of liquid and gas velocities, gas distribution and surface active agents on particle-liquid mass transfer in a three-phase fluidized bed were thus determined. In the absence of surface active agents in the liquid, particle-liquid mass transfer rates in a three-phase fluidized bed were up to 30% higher than in the corresponding liquid fluidized bed. When surface active agents were added to the liquid, the particle-liquid mass transfer rate was increased by up to about 100% in the three-phase fluidized bed, relative to the liquid fluidized bed. The particle-liquid mass transfer coefficient was found to be inversely proportional to the liquid hold-up in the three-phase fluidized bed.     

采用两种中间介质的工业园区厂际余热集成

发挥园区集群效应，借助中间介质回路将工业园区中各单厂内的余热于厂际间进一步回收利用，能够显著提高园区整体能源效率。其中，中间介质回路的设置与介质的选择将关系到整个余热回收系统的最优设计与节能效果。因此，不同于目前研究仅采用一种中间介质的集成策略，同时选用热水和导热油为介质开展厂际余热集成研究。提出耦合介质与厂内流股换热及介质流股在厂际间分配的换热器网络超结构，以年度总费用最小为目标建立MINLP热集成数学模型，优化获得包含介质回路结构与厂内换热器网络结构等内容的园区余热集成结果。最后，在一个包含3个厂的厂际余热集成案例中，分别研究了单种介质单回路、单种介质双回路及双种介质双回路3种情况，通过对比验证了所提方法的有效性。     

激发态光物理的拓扑控制：对（N，N＇－二正癸基）氨基苯甲腈的簇集与光诱导分子内电荷转移

在水－二氧六环混合介质中，对二正癸基氨基苯甲腈（ＤＤＡＢＮ）分子，在水的体积分数超过０．５后，发生簇集并可观察到双重荧光发射且长波长发射带位置与在纯二氧六环中相近。该发射带被证实系分子内扭转电荷转移（ＴＩＣＴ）带。吸收光谱表明ＤＤＡＢＮ簇集体为Ｊ－型。     

Interfacial area and volumetric mass transfer coefficient in a bubble reactor at elevated pressures

The present study deals with the pressure effects on mass transfer parameters within a bubble reactor operating at pressures up to . The gas-liquid systems are N₂/CO₂-aqueous solution of Na₂CO₃-NaHCO₃ and N₂/CO₂-aqueous solution of NaOH. A sintered powder plate is used as a gas distributor. Three parameters characterizing the mass transfer are identified and investigated with respect to pressure: the gas-liquid interfacial area a, the volumetric liquid side mass transfer coefficient k_La and the volumetric gas side mass transfer coefficient k_Ga. The gas-liquid absorption with chemical reaction is used and the mass transfer parameters are determined by using the model reaction between CO₂ and the aqueous solutions of Na₂CO₃-NaHCO₃ and NaOH. For a given gas mass flow rate, the interfacial area as well as the volumetric liquid mass transfer coefficient decrease with increasing operating pressure. However, for a given pressure, a and k_La increase with increasing gas mass flow rates. The mass transfer coefficient k_L is independent of pressure. Furthermore, the pressure increase results in a decrease of k_G and k_Ga for a given gas mass flow rate. The values of the interfacial area, which are obtained from both chemical systems are found to be different. These discrepancies are attributed to the choice of the liquid system in the absorption reaction model.     

微孔膜气体分布器对气液传质的影响

本文开发了一种新型微孔膜气体分布器,并对使用该分布器时鼓泡塔反应器内气液传质性能进行了研究。实验结果表明,使用这种新型膜气体分布器可以得到细小均匀的气泡,较大幅度地增大了气液传质比表面积,从而大大强化了反应器的传质能力。     

Application of K2CO3 catalysts in the coal gasification process using nuclear heat

Conventional gasification processes use coal not only as feedstock to be gasified but also for supply of energy for reaction heat, steam production, and other purposes. With a nuclear high temperature reactor (HTR) as a source for process heat, it is possible to transform the whole of the coal feed into gas. This concept offers advantages over existing gasification processes: saving of coal, as more gas can be produced from coal; less emission of pollutants, as the HTR is used for the production of steam and electricity instead of a coal-fired boiler; and a lower production cost for the gas. However, the process has the disadvantage that the temperature is limited to the outlet temperature (950 °C max) of the helium cooling gas of the HTR. Therefore the possibility of catalytic steam gasification was examined. Model calculations based on experimental results show that use of 3–4 wt% relative to coal of K²CO³ catalyst increases the throughput of a large scale nuclear gasification plant by ≈65%, while gas production costs decrease by ≈15%. Corrosion by catalysts is not significant at low concentration (< 5 wt%) and low temperature (< 900 °C).     

Mass transfer from Taylor bubbles rising in single capillaries

Gas-liquid mass transfer from Taylor bubbles rising in 1, 2 and 3 mm diameter capillaries of circular and square cross-sections was investigated for air-water system. The liquid-phase volumetric mass transfer coefficient k_La was obtained from experimental oxygen absorption dynamics. The experimental k_La values are in good agreement with the model developed by van Baten and Krishna (2004. Chemical Engineering Science 59, 2535-2545), with the additional assumption that the dominant mass transfer contribution is to the film surrounding the bubble.