重芳烃轻质化催化剂n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）的优化与分析

以β分子筛为载体,在保持金属总负载量不变的情况下,采用等体积浸渍法制备了4种不同n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）的催化剂。分别采用X射线衍射（XRD）、比表面积测试（BET）、氨程序升温脱附（NH₃-TPD）、氢程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）、氢程序升温脱附（H₂-TPD）和热重-差热分析（TG-DTG）等方法对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,4种催化剂的酸量和酸强度相近,在n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）等于基准+0.2时,Mo与载体之间的相互作用最弱,其氢气吸附量最多且积炭量最少;采用某炼厂重整C₁₀⁺ 重芳烃对4种催化剂进行评价,结果表明n（Ni）/n（Ni+Mo）等于基准+0.2催化剂具有最优的催化活性和稳定性。上述结果表明,影响重芳烃轻质化催化剂活性和稳定性的关键因素是催化剂氢气吸附量的多少,氢气吸附量越多金属表面的溢流氢效应越明显,积炭前驱体被溢流氢及时消除,从而保护了催化剂的加氢活性中心不被积炭覆盖,有助于催化剂在较高活性下保持稳定。     

板坯连铸大辊径大压下及低压缩比轧制特厚板

 近年来,国内外科研工作者开发的连铸凝固末端重压下技术在改善连铸坯的疏松、偏析等方面取得了良好效果,但仍存在扇形段小辊径压下厚铸坯时,应变难以渗透到铸坯芯部、不利于中心疏松改善等不足。以高效率、低成本、低能耗获得高质量厚铸坯,并实现低压缩比轧制高质量厚规格产品,仍需要进一步探索。为了更加有效地解决厚铸坯连铸凝固过程产生的中心疏松及偏析问题,提出一种全新的宽厚板坯连铸大辊径大压下(BRHR)技术并研制了BRHR设备,在宽厚板坯连铸生产线上安装、调试并运行两年多,同时配套开发了宽厚板坯连铸工艺过程预测与控制系统、二冷水工艺优化控制技术。结果表明,开发的BRHR装备与技术有利于压下应变渗透到铸坯芯部,在连铸生产线上利用凝固末端或刚完全凝固(固相分数f_s=1.0)形成的大于500 ℃或大于400 ℃的大梯度温度场实施大直径辊大压下,可以显著改善宽厚板坯中心缺陷。生产实践证明,采用BRHR装备与技术使厚度为400 mm的宽厚板连铸坯缩孔、疏松及偏析得到显著改善,结合轧制工艺优化以1.90~2.53的极低压缩比轧制生产出厚度为150~200 mm的高质量特厚板,这对低成本、短流程生产高质量特厚规格产品及节能减排意义重大。     

重金属强化含金矿石的氰化浸出

通过分析铊、铋、汞和铅等重金属强化金氰化溶解的电化学原理,对含金氧化物矿石和难浸硫化物金精矿进行了重金属强化浸金研究.结果表明:重金属对金氰化溶解的阳极过程有显著的强化作用,但在常规供氧条件下,金的溶解速率并未显著提高;只有同时采用阴极强化措施,才能使重金属起到显著提高金溶解速率的作用;对于含金氧化物矿石,单独采用重金属强化即可明显提高浸金速率,如果在过氧化氢助浸的基础上添加重金属,金的浸出速率会有更大幅度的提高;对硫化物金精矿而言,单独采用重金属无明显强化效果,只有在添加过氧化氢作为辅助氧化剂的基础上,重金属对金的浸出才能起到强化的作用,该体系中过氧化氢起到了强化阴极过程和氧化硫化物的双重作用.     

Biosorption behaviors of Cu, Zn, Cd and mixture by waste activated sludge

Biosorption of heavy metal ions, such as Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺, was carried out using waste activated sludge from municipal sewage treatment plant as adsorption material, and the effects of parameters, such as pH value, temperature, reaction time and sorption duration, were studied in detail. The results indicate that the removal rates of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ with low concentration are 96.47%, 80% and 90%, respectively, adsorbed by waste activated sludge. Little effect of dosage of activated sludge on the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and more effects on the adsorption of Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are observed. Little effect of temperature is observed, while pH value and adsorption time exert important influence on the sorption process. The adsorption behaviors of heavy metal ions all have parabolic relationships with pH value. The optimum pH value is between 6 and 10, and the optimum adsorption time is 1 h. In single heavy metal ion system, the sorption processes of Cu²⁺, Zn²⁺ and Cd²⁺ are in accordance with Freundlich model, which indicates that it is suitable for the treatment of these three heavy metal ions using intermittent operation. In addition, the sorption capacity of the sludge for Cu²⁺ is preferential to the other two ions.     

高速重负荷磨钢坯砂轮的研制

研制的80m/S高速重负荷磨钢坯砂轮具有强度高,安全可靠,磨削效果好等特点。其磨削效率和磨削比分别为60m/s中速中负荷砂轮的2倍和7倍以上,大大提高了钢坯修磨的质量和产量,并能减轻工人劳动强度,改善劳动条件和环境污染,有利于钢屑回收。     

脱除重油中有害金属杂质新技术

用化学药剂在一定条件下进行反应后用水萃取，并用 电脱水的方法脱除金属.研究了注药剂量、反应温度和反应时间等因素对脱除率的影响.     

Tensile behavior change depending on the varying tungsten content of W–Ni–Fe alloys

Tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) are metal–metal composites consisting of nearly pure spherical tungsten particles embedded in a Ni–Fe–W or Ni–Co–W or Ni–Cu–W ductile matrix. In this dual phase alloy, there are several complicated relations between the ductile matrix and hard tungsten particles. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of varying tungsten content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys. The microstructural parameters (grain size, connectivity, contiguity and solid volume fraction) were measured and were found to have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of tungsten-based heavy alloys. The result shows that the binding strength between the W and the matrix phase has a major influence on the ductility of tungsten-based alloys. The larger this binding force is, the better the ductility is.     

工艺条件对YBCO厚膜基带晶粒取向的影响

用Ｘ射线方法研究了平行于基带表面的Ｎｉ（２０Ｏ），Ｎｉ（１１１），ＮｉＯ（２００）和ＮｉＯ（１１１）晶面的取向分数Ｗ。结果表明，随预热处理温度的提高，虽然Ｗ_（ＮｉＯ（２００））也会随之提高，但是区域重加热处理对提高Ｗ_（ＮｉＯ（２００））起着最重要的作用。９００℃预热处理之后，在１１００℃进行区域重加热可使Ｗ_（ＮｉＯ（２００））提高到０．９９以上。     

Determination of heavy metals and volatile aromatic compounds in used engine oils and sludges

Assessment of contaminant releases during utilization of used oils is essential for the determination of environmental acceptability. These paper reports the results of the study examining a toxic metal leachability from used engine oil and sludge samples employing leaching test (TCLP). The leaching test indicated that lead in oil samples exceeded 5-ppm concentration level what qualified them as a toxic waste. The samples of contaminated sludge were found to contain high concentration of total lead, barium and chromium, but the leaching test showed concentration below regulatory limit. The total content of benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and xylenes (BETX), and naphthalene in used oil and sludge samples was also determined and was found not to be a significant factor to contamination.     

新型钝化剂MB-1在沧炼的使用

通过MB-1金属钝化剂在重油催化装置的工业应用,考察了其对产品性质、产品分布的影响,结果表明:该钝化剂具有响应速度快、效果显著的特点,使用后,催化干气H2含量平均下降幅度为40%,H2/CH4降低幅度达37%,干气和焦炭产率有所下降,液收提高,取得良好的经济效益。