顺层斜坡溃屈变形物理模拟及影响因素敏感性分析

利用物理模拟方法再现顺层斜坡溃屈破坏过程,分析了发生溃屈型斜坡的临界坡长与弯曲隆起高度的主要影响因素,并运用优势分析方法论述了各单因素影响的主次关系.分析的结果说明：岩层的单层厚度、滑移面的内摩擦角和内聚力、坡角和岩体的弹性模量是影响顺层斜坡溃屈失稳的主要因素,其影响程度的大小顺序依次为岩层的单层厚度、滑移面的内聚力及内摩擦角、坡角和岩体的弹性模量.     

天波超视距雷达微多径测高信号模型研究

当前天波超视距雷达基于低通滤波的测高信号模型存在近似,影响了目标高度测量的精度．为了提高天波超视距雷达目标高度测量的精度,提出了新的基于数据截断的天波雷达测高信号模型．仿真结果表明,随着信噪比增加,传统信号模型误差迅速增大,新模型误差基本保持不变,说明传统信号模型存在模型误差,证实了新模型的有效性．该模型的提出为改进天波雷达测高方法研究提供了基础．     

八度区不等层高异形柱框架抗震性能研究

目前关于八度区不等层高异形柱框架抗震性能的相关研究较少,而笔者按现行异形柱规程设计制作了一榀1/3缩尺不等层高异形柱框架并对其进行低周往复加载试验,研究分析了该类型结构的破坏特征、破坏机制、承载能力和变形能力、滞回曲线、刚度退化等抗震性能指标。研究表明,该类型框架破坏机制属于混合机制,在较高地震作用下,框架梁柱节点核心区具有足够的抗剪强度,整体抗震性能良好,但在加载后期,底层柱脚混凝土破坏较严重,降低了结构的承载能力,成为结构的薄弱部位,在设计中应予以重视。     

LONG‐TERM VEGETATION DYNAMICS AFTER HIGH‐DENSITY SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT: IMPLICATIONS FOR RIPARIAN RESTORATION AND MANAGEMENT

Human disturbances have contributed to the deterioration of many western US rivers in the past century. Cottonwood‐willow communities, present historically along the Colorado River, protect watersheds and provide wildlife habitat, but are now among the most threatened forests. As a result, restoration efforts have increased to re‐establish and maintain cottonwood‐willow stands. While successful establishment has been observed using multiple strategies with varying investments, few projects are evaluated to quantify efficacy and determine long‐term sustainability. We monitored a seeded cottonwood‐willow site over a five‐year period beginning in 2007, with particular interest in how density affected vegetation diversity and stand structure over time. Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and volunteer tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissma) were the only abundant riparian trees at the site after one year. P. fremontii, compared to T. ramosissma, had higher growth rates, lower mortality, and dominated overstory and total cover each year. Vegetation diversity decreased from 2007–2009, but was similar from 2009–2011 as a result of decreased herbaceous and increased shrub species richness. Diversity was highest in the lowest density class (1‐12 stems/m²), but similar among all other classes (13–24, 25–42, 43+). High initial woody species densities resulted in single‐stemmed trees with depressed terminal and radial growths. Allometry, relating height to DBH at different densities, could prove to be an important tool for long‐term restoration management and studying habitat suitability. Understanding long‐term trends at densely‐planted or seeded sites can benefit restoration managers who aim to establish specific community structure and vegetation diversity for wildlife habitat. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

超空泡射弹尾翼流体动力特性实验分析

为研究尾翼对超空泡流型发展及射弹流体动力的影响,在高速水洞中进行了通气条件下的超空泡射弹尾翼流体动力特性实验.首先基于高速水洞搭建了通气空化绕流实验测试系统,同时根据射弹基本外形,按照相似理论设计了尾翼测力实验模型,为改变空泡壁面与尾翼的相对位置关系,用以研究穿刺高度对射弹尾翼流体动力特性的影响,实验中采用调整空泡尺寸或模型安装姿态来改变尾翼穿刺高度,最后对实验方案的合理性进行了充分的论证.通过改变测试工况对超空泡射弹尾翼的流体动力特性开展实验研究,得到了不同穿刺条件下尾翼对空泡流型的影响规律及其流体动力特性.研究结果表明:尾翼穿刺空泡以后,在其顶部和侧面生成的二次空泡将显著改变主体空泡的形态,且随着穿刺高度的增加,尾翼对主体空泡的影响更加明显;尾翼的流体动力主要产生于前缘沾湿部位,且随着穿刺高度的增加升力系数和阻力系数均显著增加;在尾翼穿刺空泡的条件下,其阻力系数和升力系数随攻角的增大而线性增加.     

Facile determination of foamability index of non-ionic and cationic frothers and its effect on flotation of quartz

ABSTRACT

In this work, a facile method for determination of foaming properties of frothers was used. It was based on measuring the foam height in a flotation machine at different concentrations of frothers. Based on the foam height-concentration curve, a new foaming parameter, so-called concentration at half of the maximum foam height CMH, was proposed. Assessment and usefulness of CMH were shown in flotation of quartz. The concentration of amine at the critical contact angle CCA, at which amine starts to be a collector, was also determined. The determined values of CCA were similar to CMH and were equal to 1.3, 0.14 and 0.03 mM for ButNH₂, HexNH₂ and OctNH₂, respectively. The values of CMH and CCA depended on the alkyl chain of frothers.     

在制药行业中的液位测量方法

本文对浮筒法、电容法、超声波法和光纤传感器法等几种液位测量方法进行比较系统的分析,并针对各自的原理、特点等指出在制药行业中的应用。     

电火花烧结制品中金刚石表面不同镀层对其性能的影响

本文研究了表面镀覆Ti及Ti Ni的金刚石在电火花脉冲放电烧条件下表面镀层与镀层之间、镀层与金属颗粒之间的放电及熔焊现象，镀层对制品抗折强度及颗粒出露高度的影响。研究表明，表现具有金属性质的镀覆Ti及Ti Ni镀层金刚石能够参与粉末冶金过程中的脉冲放电烧结，增加了金刚石颗粒与基体金属的把持能力，从而大幅度提高了制品的抗折强度及颗粒出露高度，进而大幅度提高了金刚石工具的寿命及锋利度。     

AZ31与ME20M镁合金板料热拉深性能实验研究

在不同成形温度、拉深速度、润滑条件下对1．2mm厚的AZ31镁合金板料与3mm厚的ME20M镁合金板料进行热拉深性能实验研究。实验表明：AZ31镁板的最佳成形温度为215℃，而ME20M镁板在250℃以上成形性能才随温度的升高明显改善，说明稀土元素对镁合金的室温拉深性能影响很小，但却显著提高镁合金的高温拉深性能，同时也说明镁合金板料具有较佳的轻薄结构成形性；两种镁合金板料热拉深成形性能都对拉深速度敏感．有润滑条件比无润滑条件成形性能要好。通过对成形件传力区部位金相实验分析得知，合理控制热拉深实验参数，能改善成形件微观组织，进而保证成形件质量。     

激光熔覆中的控制问题

激光熔覆过程中工艺参数对熔覆质量有很大的影响。着重探讨了熔覆过程中各工艺参数的闭环控制问题。采用改进的测温传感器实现对熔池温度的测量和闭环控制，采用多个传感器对熔覆层高度进行测控，熔覆成形工件的质量明显优于单传感器控制。