分布式2-D雷达网的高度估计技术

针对2D雷达组网高度估计问题,本文提出了一种基于局部雷达估计的目标高度估计方法。2D雷达由于不能获得目标的高度信息,其所得到的局部估计将会存在一定的系统误差。文中的推导结果表明,可以通过两部雷达的局部估计建立关于目标高度所产生系统误差的非线性模型。在此基础上,合适的滤波方法可以实现对目标高度的实时估计。仿真结果表明,该方法的收敛速度较快,可以有效估计目标的真实高度。     

基于MQP模型的电离图参数反演解析算法研究

针对现今普遍采用的偏导迭代电离图反演算法存在的求解依赖于初值选择的不足,给出了一种初值选择准则,保证了该算法的收敛性。同时,利用该准则,以及在对电离图虚高表达式进行合理近似的基础上,提出了一种新的电离图参数反演算法,该方法实现电离图参数反演的解析计算,较偏导迭代法计算量大大减少,更好满足工程实时性要求。     

双目视觉的新颖实时局部2维地图构建方法

根据轮式机器人移动的特点,提出一种采用双目视觉的新颖实时局部2维栅格地图构建算法。首先,提出虚拟高度线投影成像原理,将场景均匀栅格化,在栅格中引入虚拟高度线,并将其投影到立体视觉系统的立体图对中产生投影线,将求解场景点高度值的问题转化为在投影线上和水平视差搜索范围内寻找具有最大相似测度的对应点问题;然后,提出一种新颖的局部2维地图构建方法,该方法以机器人所能越过的最大高度为阈值,对高于阈值部分的虚拟高度投影线上的场景点由其在图像对中的相似测度确定其是否为障碍物区域。实验结果表明,该方法满足机器人导航所要求的有效性和实时性,并可应用到构建3维地图。     

The impact of misregistration on SRTM and DEM image differences

Image differences between Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data and other Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are often performed for either accuracy assessment or for estimating vegetation height across the landscape. It has been widely assumed that the effect of sub-pixel misregistration between the two models on resultant image differences is negligible, yet this has not previously been tested in detail. The aim of this study was to determine the impact that various levels of misregistration have on image differences between SRTM and DEMs. First, very accurate image co-registration was performed at two study sites between higher resolution DEMs and SRTM data, and then image differences (SRTM–DEM) were performed after various levels of misregistration were systematically introduced into the SRTM data. It was found that: (1) misregistration caused an erroneous and dominant correlation between elevation difference and aspect across the landscape; (2) the direction of the misregistration defined the direction of this erroneous and systematic elevation difference; (3) for sub-pixel misregistration the error due solely to misregistration was greater than, or equal to the true difference between the two models for substantial proportions of the landscape (e.g., greater than 33% of the area for a half-pixel misregistration); and (4) the strength of the erroneous relationship with aspect was enhanced by steeper terrain. Spatial comparisons of DEMs were found to be sensitive to even sub-pixel misregistration between the two models, which resulted in a strong erroneous correlation with aspect. This misregistration induced correlation with aspect is not likely specific to SRTM data only; we expect it to be a generic relationship present in any DEM image difference analysis.     

An LMI approach to synthesis subject to almost asymptotic regulation constraints

A multi-objective controller synthesis problem is considered in which an output is to be regulated approximately by assuring a bound on the steady-state peak amplification in response to an infinite-energy disturbance, while also guaranteeing a desired level of performance measured in terms of the worst-case energy gain from a finite-energy input to a performance output. Relying on a characterization of the controllers with which almost asymptotic regulation is accomplished, the problem of guaranteeing the desired level of performance is reduced to solving a system of linear matrix inequalities subject to a set of linear equality constraints. Based on the solution of this system, a procedure is outlined for the construction of a suitable controller whose order is equal to the order of the plant plus the order of the exogenous system.     

Controller synthesis with guaranteed closed-loop phase constraints

In this paper, we present an analysis and synthesis approach for guaranteeing that the phase of a single-input, single-output closed-loop transfer function is contained in the interval [−α,α] for a given α>0 at all frequencies. Specifically, we first derive a sufficient condition involving a frequency domain inequality for guaranteeing a given phase constraint. Next, we use the Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov theorem to derive an equivalent time domain condition. In the case where , we show that frequency and time domain sufficient conditions specialize to the positivity theorem. Furthermore, using linear matrix inequalities, we develop a controller synthesis approach for guaranteeing a phase constraint on the closed-loop transfer function. Finally, we extend this synthesis approach to address mixed gain and phase constraints on the closed-loop transfer function.     

基于光电成像技术的运动员垂直弹跳高度测试

针对运动员弹跳过程持续时间短,弹跳位置相对不固定,弹跳高度测试操作复杂的问题,提出一种基于线阵光电成像技术的运动员垂直弹跳高度测试方法;首先构建大视场垂直弹跳高度测试系统,线阵CCD相机进行实时获取,得到目标弹跳轨迹图像;然后对目标弹跳轨迹图像进行图像分析和处理,高精度提取弹跳特征点,从而获得运动员垂直弹跳的运动时间;最后依据运动学公式,实现运动员垂直弹跳高度的准确测试;进行多组实验并分析实验数据,结果表明在1500mm的弹跳测试范围内,实验相对误差范围在3%以内,证明了该方法的可行性。     

基于峰宽修正的玻璃药瓶内氧气残留浓度的检测研究

玻璃药瓶中的氧气残留对瓶中药品的无菌特性造成了严重的威胁。采用波长调制光谱（Wavelength Modulated Spectrum, WMS）技术解调得到的二次谐波信号峰高值作为氧浓度反演的基础。然而,在用二次谐波信号测量气体浓度时,由于调制深度的变化会导致二次谐波峰值的变化,这通常会给系统带来误差,进而降低浓度的反演精度。而调制深度受调制电流波动、温度和压强变化等因素的影响不能直接计算获得进而修正。针对这一问题,本文成功地将调制深度与二次谐波峰高的关系转换为二次谐波峰宽和峰高的关系。然后,利用峰宽校正后的谐波峰高对气体浓度进行反演。初步实验表明,利用峰宽校正后的谐波峰高对瓶内气体浓度进行预测的准确性提高了2.1%,且系统的整体鲁棒性也得以提升。本文提出的校正方法不需要系统参数信息与气体成分信息,可以直接从谐波信号本身出发对调制深度进行校正,十分适合于工业现场的在线氧气浓度预测。     

基于CSAR图像的目标高度提取方法

圆周合成孔径雷达（Circular Synthetic Aperture Radar,CSAR）可以对目标进行360°全方位观测,获得目标全方位散射信息。通过将CSAR成像数据划分成多个子孔径能够直接获取目标高度信息,本文在原有获取目标高度信息的方法基础上,进行了改进和创新,提出了一种新的提取目标高度信息的方法。本文通过对子孔径图像进行高度向投影,在一定程度上提高了计算精度,同时在子孔径选择时,也考虑了子孔径之间的相关性,有效地提高了算法的精确性。最后首次引入自主测量的L波段实测数据对本文所提算法进行验证,证实了该方法的有效性和准确性。     

The lateral load-deformation response of RC walls with a consideration of the height–length ratio

Reinforced concrete (RC) walls play an important role in resisting earthquakes, so understanding the lateral load-deformation response of an RC wall subjected to an axial load, shear, and moment is essential to nonlinear structural analysis. In this study, the moment-bending deformation response of an RC wall under an axial load and moment is obtained from moment–curvature analysis using the wall’s proper plastic hinge length. Furthermore, modified compression-field theory, adjusted according to the height–length ratio of the wall, is used to calculate the shear–shear deformation response of the wall under an axial load and shear. By integrating the moment-bending deformation and the shear–shear deformation responses, the lateral load-deformation response of the RC wall under axial load–moment–shear interaction can be reasonably determined. To confirm the reliability of the proposed method, experimental results for 67 RC walls are compared with analysis results from the proposed method. The statistical results show that the proposed method accurately predicts the lateral ultimate load but somewhat underestimates the lateral ultimate deformation. Finally, this paper gives an example using an equivalent column to simulate an RC wall using SAP2000 pushover analysis.