High‐pressure processing effects on the mechanical,barrier and mass transfer properties of food packaging flexible structures: a critical review

Food products can be high‐pressure processed (HPP) either in bulk or prepackaged in flexible or semi‐rigid packaging materials. In the latter case the packaging material is subjected, together with the food, to high‐pressure treatment. A number of studies have been performed to quantify the effects of high‐pressure processing on the physical and barrier properties of the packaging material, since the integrity of the package during and after processing is of paramount importance to the safety and quality of the food product. This article reviews the results of published research concerning the effect of HPP on packaging materials. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Pinhole density measurements of barriers deposited on low-k films

Evaluation of diffusion barrier integrity is an important issue in advanced interconnects. A diffusion barrier separating Cu from low-k must be as thin as possible and must not contain pinholes. We have developed a method for measuring pinhole density in diffusion barriers deposited on low-k materials. The method employs ellipsometric porosimetry for measuring diffusion of toluene in a porous low-k film beneath the barrier in question.     

高温合金表面激光熔敷热障涂层组织结构与氧化性能

采用 5KW连续CO2 激光器对Ni基高温合金上二次重熔NiCoCrAlY和ZrO2 陶瓷层进行了研究。结果表明 :激光快速熔化和凝固获得定向外延生长、紧密堆积的柱状晶氧化锆陶瓷层。NiCoCrAlY结合层与柱状晶之间存在氧化铝层 ,保证了柱状晶与NiCoCrAlY层的联结。扫描电镜和电子探针联合分析发现 ,氧化锆层与NiCoCrAlY结合层、结合层与基体间均为冶金结合。采用化学改性氧化锆消除了涂层裂纹。高温氧化性能测试得出激光重熔试样氧化动力学近似地遵守抛物线速率方程。在 12 0 0℃ ,空气下激光熔敷TBCs 抗氧化性明显高于等离子喷涂TBCs。     

Hydrogen production from methane in a dielectric barrier discharge using oxide zinc and chromium as catalyst

The hydrogen fuel cell is a promising option as a future energy resource; however, the nature of the gas is such that the conversion process of other fuels to hydrogen on board is necessary. Among the raw fuel resources, methane could be the best candidate as it is plentiful. In this experiment, the possibility of producing hydrogen with less carbon formation from methane by a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) was investigated. Without the addition of a catalyst, the formation of hydrogen reached between 30% and 35% at methane residence time of 0.22 min and supplied powers in the range of 60-130 W. The hydrogen selectivity increased at higher supplied power, but the process efficiency, defined as a ratio of the produced hydrogen to the supplied power, decreased slightly. In order to boost the hydrogen production with less carbon formation, a mixed oxide catalyst of zinc and chromium was added to the reactor. It was shown that the production of hydrogen was ca. 40% higher than the non-catalytic plasma process.     

A Novel Method Of Transport Barrier Formation

A novel technique is proposed for creating transport barriers by the rf waves. This is that the transport barriers can be created by the rf induced ponderomotive force itself and no rf induced flow shear generation is necessary. It is demonstrated that the ponderomotive force of the rf waves can stabilize the ion temperature gradient (ITG) mode, considered nowadays as the dominant source of anomalous energy losses in the low confinement (L) mode. It is also shown that this stabilization can be achieved for rather modest values of the rf power and hence should be easily obtained in actual experiments.      

Pore‐free mold‐pattern‐transfer method for barrier ribs of HD PDPs

Abstract— Among various barrier‐rib manufacturing processes, the mold‐pattern‐transfer method has potential to reduce processing cost as well as the manufacture of high‐resolution pixels. In this study, the effects of major processing variables of the mold‐pattern‐transfer process on the formation of air‐trapped pores within barrier ribs were examined. The results indicated that with an optimum combination of the processing variables, barrier ribs without trapped defects can be produced, demonstrating the possibility of reducing the number of processing steps and costs of barrier ribs.     

Characteristics of Schottky Barrier Junction Based on Hexagonal Microtube ZnO

Hexagonal microtube ZnO was firstly grown on single crystal p-Si (111) substrates by hydrothermal method, and fabricated Ag/n-ZnO and Au/n-ZnO Schottky junction. Schottky effective barrier heights were calculated by I-V measurement. It is confirmed that the presence of a large amount of surface states related possibly to lattice imperfections existed near the surface leads to the pinning of the surface Fermi level at 0.35 eV below the conduction-band edge. Then the fabricated Schottky barrier junctions are evaluated for their use as UV photodetectors.     

俄罗斯圣彼得堡防潮工程建设的若干历史经验

本文系统介绍了俄罗斯圣彼得堡防潮工程规划的发展过程、工程的布置、组成以及工程的设计和当前施工的进展情况.圣彼得堡防潮工程是圣彼得堡城市建设的重要保障,在各个历史时期均得到了俄罗斯各级政府的高度重视.工程的规划、设计和施工建设过程反映了俄罗斯人对防潮管理、人水和谐相处和工程建设中对环境保护认识的发展过程.对圣彼得堡防潮工程建设经验的分析、总结,将对我国水利工作者和位于河口地区的城市防潮和防洪建设与管理起到积极的借鉴作用.     

用频谱分析法对地下水位进行中长期预报

本文把影响地下水位变化过程作为随机过程，用频谱分析法建立随机水动力学模型模拟地下水位的变化过程，并将其用于地下水位的中长期预报。通过实例验证它具有较高的精度。