Controllable motion synthesis in a gaseous medium

The generation of realistic motion satisfying user-defined requirements is one of the most important goals of computer animation. Our aim in this paper is the synthesis of realistic, controllable motion for lightweight natural objects in a gaseous medium. We formulate this problem as a large-scale spacetime optimization with user controls and fluid motion equations as constraints. We have devised novel and effective methods to make this large optimization tractable. Initial trajectories are generated with data-driven synthesis based on stylistic motion planning. Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is used during optimization to produce fluid simulations at a reasonable computational cost, while interesting vortex-based fluid motion is generated by recording the presence of vortices in the initial trajectories and maintaining them through optimization. Object rotations are refined as a postprocess to enhance the visual quality of the results. We demonstrate our techniques on a number of animations involving single or multiple objects.     

复合塔流体力学性能研究

通过冷模实验探讨了复合塔流体力学性能 .以水 -空气为系统 ,采用穿流筛板与不同直径或不同装填厚度的拉西环填料 ,并与普通穿流筛板进行比较 .实验结果表明 ,复合塔板压降小 ,雾沫夹带量小 .关联的实验数据 ,可供设计与研究使用 .     

气体搅动对填料塔和喷洒塔的性能影响

气体搅动作用可以强化液-液两相接触和传质性能.在填料塔和喷洒塔中,气体搅动对萃取塔性能的影响有很大的差异.在气体搅动下,通过对填料塔和喷洒塔流体力学性能和传质性能的试验研究,发现填料对气泡和液滴均有破碎作用,因此填料塔的气含率和分散相滞存率均明显高于喷洒塔,传质单元高度和液泛速度则相反;对填料塔和喷洒塔,气体搅动都可以显著提高液-液两相的接触与传质性能.     

On the Completeness of Quantum Hydrodynamics: Vortex Formation and the Need for Both Vector and Scalar Quantum Potentials in Device Simulation

The conditions for the occurrence of quantized vortices in electron flow are examined critically in the context of quantum hydrodynamic modelling. The presence of vortices is shown to be described by the coupling to a new vector quantum potential which augments the conventional scalar quantum potential used in hydrodnamic and density gradient modelling of semiconductor devices.     

脉冲筛板柱萃取分离钍鈾的研究(Ⅰ)——钍铀分离脉冲筛板柱的流体力学性能

在2英寸脉冲筛板柱中,结合钍铀分离的Thorex过程,研究了30％TBP-煤油/水和30％TBP-煤油/Th(NO_3)_4-UO_2(NO_3)_2-HNO_3-H_2O体系脉冲筛板柱的流体力学性能。通过实验对液泛通量、分散相存留分数等流体力学参数,并用改进的Pratt公式对两相流体力学流体力学行为进行了关联,得到了较为满意的结果。通过对脉冲筛板柱流体力学性能的研究,获得了最优操作条件,为进一步的传质实验研究奠定了基础。     

Sensitivity Analysis Methods to Design Optimal Ship Hulls

Automatic procedures for the design of ship hull geometries yielding minimal wave resistance and wave breaking are an attractive opportunity from both the economical and practical standpoints. Estimating the cost function gradient according to the Sensitivity Equation and Adjoint Methods (SEM, AM) instead of using the standard finite difference approximations has the potential of reducing the computational cost of the overall optimization procedure. Aim of this paper is to assess the actual extent of the cost reduction. Speed-up factors of up to 3.3 have been obtained in the evaluation of the cost function gradient and of about 1.6 in the overall optimization procedure applied to an optimal shape design problem of an existing tanker ship. The SEM and AM methods perform better than finite differences mainly because of (i) the smaller number of flow solutions needed to compute the cost function gradient and (ii) the opportunity of using the same LU factored matrix for both the flow solver and the SEM or AM equations, a circumstance arising as a consequence of having chosen a linearized potential flow model of the 3D free-surface problem.     

A saturated discrete particle model and characteristic-based SPH method in granular materials

Based on the discrete particle model for solid-phase deformation of granular materials consisting of dry particulate assemblages, a discrete particle–continuum model for modelling the coupled hydro-mechanical behaviour in saturated granular materials is developed. The motion of the interstitial fluid is described by two parallel continuum schemes governed by the averaged incompressible N–S equations and Darcy's law, respectively, where the latter one can be regarded as a degraded case of the former. Owing to the merits in both Lagrangian and mesh-free characters, the characteristic-based smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is proposed in this paper for modelling pore fluid flows relative to the deformed solid phase that is modelled as packed assemblages of interacting discrete particles. It is assumed that the formulation is Lagrangian with the co-ordinate system transferring with the movement of the solid particles. The assumed continuous fluid field is discretized into a finite set of Lagrangian (material) points with their number equal to that of solid particles situated in the computational domain. An explicit meshless scheme for granular materials with interstitial water is formulated. Numerical results illustrate the capability and performance of the present model in modelling the fluid–solid interaction and deformation in granular materials saturated with water. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thermal conductivity of aligned CNT/polymer composites using mesoscopic simulation

Thermal conductivity of CNT/polymer composites depends on alignment, dispersion, volume fraction and size of CNTs as well as polymer size. By coupling smoothed particle hydrodynamics and dissipative particle dynamics, thermal conductivities of random and aligned composites along with their meso morphologies are studied in detail. Thermal conductivity along the alignment of CNT can be significantly enhanced to 16 times that of polymer by increasing volume fraction, dispersion degree and length of CNT, meanwhile thermal conductivity perpendicular to the alignment of CNT is affected modestly by these factors. Enhancement of thermal conductivity of random composites could only be efficiently achieved by increasing the volume fraction of CNT. Particularly, thermal conductivity $\kappa$ is proportional to the square of volume fraction of CNT v in well dispersed random and aligned composites, i.e. $\kappa \propto v^2$.     

Parallel Godunov smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) with improved treatment of Boundary Conditions and an application to granular flows

Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics has been successfully used for various fluid-dynamics problems, such as breaking-waves, flooding etc., since it was originally proposed. While the Lagrangian approach is naturally suitable for free-surface flows, enforcing boundary conditions and poor approximations in the presence of discontinuities in the solution are major difficulties with the method. In this paper we present an enhanced conservative Godunov SPH based on the work of Inutsuka [S. Inutsuka, Reformulation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics with Riemann solver, Journal of Computational Physics 179 (2002) 238–267] that accurately resolves discontinuities without the need to use artificial viscosity, preserves partition of unity everywhere in the domain, correctly and flexibly enforces necessary essential and frictional slip boundary conditions to approximately solve free-surface granular flows. The development is motivated by the need to improve upon depth averaged grid based models of large scale debris flows and avalanches often characterized as granular flows. Simple validation of the results is obtained by comparison to table-top experiments.     

Experimental Simulation of the Reactor Section of Fluid Cokers: Comparison of FCC and Fluid Coke Particles

The hydrodynamics of fluid cokers were studied in a pressurized fully cylindrical cold model of diameter 483 mm, geometrically and dynamically scaled down by a factor of ～20 from commercial units. Differential pressure fluctuations, voidage distributions, solids momentum flux distributions and steady state gas mixing behaviour in the reactor section are compared for the same operating conditions with two kinds of particles, FCC and fluid coke. The voidage distributions and core‐annular flow structures in the reactor section were similar enough that either FCC or fluid coke particles can be used for cold modelling of fluid cokers.