Effect of vermicomposting on the transformation of some trace elements in fly ash

One major constraint of the agricultural uses of fly ash (FA) is the low availability of different plant nutrients despite their high occurrence in the total amount. However, degrading FA through increased microbial activity can improve the availability of these nutrients substantially. It has been found that intestines of epigeic earthworms contain a high concentration of different microorganisms. Therefore, in the present study we addressed the effects of vermicomposting technology on the solubility of some micronutrient cations (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) and some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, and Cr) in different combinations of fly ash and organic matter, applied in the form of cow dung (CD). Various combinations of FA and CD were treated with and without an epigeic earthworm (Eisenia fetida) and the solubility of different trace elements in the treatments were estimated periodically. The results revealed that the inclusion of epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida in different combinations of fly ash and cow dung converted a considerable amount of the micronutrients into bio-available forms. On the other hand, the solubility of heavy metals tended to be reduced by the microorganisms, presumably by formation of some organo-metallic complex. Application of these vermicomposted FA and CD combinations to a red lateritic soil was found to improve the soluble Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn status of the soil. Furthermore, the use of vermicomposted FA and CD (1:1) in potato cultivation demonstrated that use of this mixture at 10 ton per hectare (t ha⁻¹; fresh weight) was able to compensate 80% of the recommended NPK fertiliser, along with farm yard manure application, without compromising the crop yield.     

Geochemical implications of trace elements and sulfur in the saturate, aromatic and resin fractions of crude oil from the Mara and Mara Oeste fields, Venezuela

Ten trace elements (Cr, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Co, Ni, Mo, V and Sr) and sulfur were determined in the saturate, aromatic and resin fractions of 15 crude oils from Mara (DM) and Mara Oeste (DMO) fields of the Maracaibo Basin, Venezuela. The oils studied are classified as unaltered or altered by biodegradation. In the altered oil, the depletion of n-alkanes, the absence of isoprenoids and the presence of steranes and hopanes unaltered by biodegradation are indicative of moderate biodegradation. The elements Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Sr were detected in the saturated hydrocarbon fraction; Cr and V were detected in the aromatic fraction in addition to the above elements; whereas the elements detected for the resin fraction were Cr, Zn, Fe, Cu, Ni, Mo, V, and Sr. Co was not detected in any fractions of the oils analyzed. Sulfur was found in all fractions of the oils studied. It was proposed that Fe, Zn, Sr, and Mn could have entered the oil during migration or Fe, Zn and Mn as pollutants during oil extraction. Cr and Cu may be of biological origin and Mo could be incorporated into the reservoir through bacteria. Only S, V, and Ni in the resin fractions can be used as indicators of the origin and correlation of Mara and Mara Oeste oils. Based on the results obtained in this work, it can be established that the V/(V+Ni) ratio in the resin fraction can be used as a correlation parameter, for these oils.     

Mobility of trace elements from selected Australian fly ashes and its potential impact on aquatic ecosystems

Batch leaching tests have been performed on fly ashes collected from four Australian power stations fuelled by chemically different coals. Two acidic and two alkaline fly ashes were subjected to long-term (144 h) leaching tests, and the behaviour of As, B, Mo and Se was investigated to obtain data on their potential for mobilisation during fly ash-water interactions. All four elements are mobile under different conditions and over different leaching times. The concentrations of these elements released in leaching solutions with initial pH values of 4, 7 and 10 were used to assess the influence of pH conditions on element mobility from the acidic and alkaline fly ashes. The most mobile of the four elements leached were Mo from alkaline fly ashes and B from acidic fly ashes. Arsenic concentration increased with time in leachate solutions from acidic and alkaline fly ashes; however, in solutions in contact with alkaline fly ashes the As concentration, after reaching a maximum, later decreased with time. Selenium mobility shows a similar pattern to that of As, with similar leaching concentrations. Boron has the highest relative mobility of all four elements. A process possibly responsible for the decrease in concentration of B, As and Se in alkaline leaching solutions is the formation of ettringite. Equilibrium between the solid phase (ash) and the leaching solution was not reached in any of the leaching experiments. The pH of the leaching solution is the key factor affecting the mobility of these trace elements in these fly ashes.     

ADCP数据综合处理方法及软件系统研制

由于仪器本身的限制和水文测验的实际需要,ADCP自带的数据处理软件WinRiver需要同时解译若干个R文件,并对解译数据进行垂线时间和空间插值,才能获得整点时刻特定起点距的垂线数据。为了弥补上述不足,通过对ADCP原始文件R文件进行解译,并根据ADCP数据处理的理论,研制了ADCP数据处理软件系统。该系统在长江口水文测验的实际应用效果表明,软件在数据的预处理和后处理方面均取得了良好的效果,可以进一步推广。     

基于OC4J的民航气象数据库服务平台部署

对民航气象数据库系统的概况和OC4J的基本内容进行了简要的介绍,并详细说明了民航气象数据库服务器的OC4J的安装过程、数据库系统参数的配置以及环境变量的设置,还阐述了利用OC4J对民航气象数据库服务平台进行工程实例部署的过程,总结了OC4J与其他Web服务组件相比所具有的特点和适用的范围,对今后类似工程实例的部署具有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于GIS的气象设备监控系统研究

通过对GIS技术的深入研究,采用B/S模式,实现了对山西省气象设备分布与采集数据的可视化管理、气象设备的历史数据回放、气象设备智能化诊断以及自动触发发布预警短信。该系统大大提高了保障人员对气象探测设备的管理、维护以及监控水平,提高了气象防灾减灾的效率,从而确保山西省气象观测设备持续、稳定地运行。     

当代艺术设计中“中国元素”表达与融合问题的研究

在当代中西方艺术设计领域中,＂中国元素＂已经作为了一种相当普遍的现象和形式出现在了众多艺术作品和设计之中,并且展现了其独特的文化特色和历史底蕴,为当代设计艺术的发展及其推陈出新提供了丰富的创作素材和灵感。本文首先解析了＂中国元素＂的内涵,接着就当代艺术设计中所体现出来的＂中国元素＂的特征进行了分析,并剖析了其与中国传统文化艺术的渊源关系,最后论述和研究了当代艺术设计与＂中国元素＂的表达和融合的机制。     

消能支撑框架结构的研究与应用

对几种型式的消能器进行了减震机理分析 ,对消能支撑框架模型进行了低周反复荷载试验和振动台试验 ,编制了非线性有限元分析程序和弹塑性时程分析程序 ,并将研究结果应用于实际工程     

基于语义分类的比较句识别与比较要素抽取研究

比较是人们常用的评估不同事物优劣、异同的表达方式,利用机器识别比较句并进一步抽取比较要素是语言信息处理领域一项新颖又有实用价值的课题。该文依据比较句与比较要素之间是一种“你中有我,我中有你”的共生关系,将比较句识别与比较要素抽取两个任务合二为一完成;根据词意分类,构建由领域词典、情感词典、标记词典、普通词典构成的词典系统;根据汉语比较句句义分类,构建比较句识别与比较要素抽取规则库。以第四届中文倾向性评测(COAE2012)发布的测试语料为实验对象,该系统取得了较好的实验(评测)结果。     

宁夏气象数据网设计与实现

首先分析了宁夏现用气象资料检索的弊端,之后根据宁夏资料存储与管理的特点,采用SQL Server、ASP.NET、Java Script、C#等技术,设计开发了基于B/S架构的宁夏气象数据网,用于改善传统气象资料检索的现状,通过多种资料检索方式,帮助资料共享和管理人员便捷、快速的获得所需气象资料。目前系统已投入业务试运行,运行良好,在气象资料服务方面起到良好作用。