Condensation algorithms for the regular mesh substructuring

This paper describes and analyses the implementation of two static condensation algorithms used to exploit the regular patterns created by two schemes of regular mesh substructuring. Computer resources required by the implementation are assessed in terms of the number of multiplications, the total CPU time, the core and the disk storage requirements. It is discovered that, when implemented for the regular mesh substructuring, the newly proposed condensation algorithm is generally more cost effective than the one proposed by Han and Abel, and modified for the regular mesh substructuring by the present authors.     

Use of the tangent derivative boundary integral equations for the efficient computation of stresses and error indicators

In this work, a new global reanalysis technique for the efficient computation of stresses and error indicators in two‐dimensional elastostatic problems is presented. In the context of the boundary element method, the global reanalysis technique can be viewed as a post‐processing activity that is carried out once an analysis using Lagrangian elements has been performed. To do the reanalysis, the functional representation for the displacements is changed from Lagrangian to Hermite, introducing the nodal values of the tangential derivatives of those quantities as additional degrees of freedom. Next, assuming that the nodal values of the displacements and the tractions remain practically unchanged from the ones obtained in the analysis using Lagrangian elements, the tangent derivative boundary integral equations are collocated at each functional node in order to determine the additional degrees of freedom that were introduced. Under this scheme, a second system of equations is generated and, once it is solved, the nodal values of the tangential derivatives of the displacements are obtained. This approach gives more accurate results for the stresses at the nodes since it avoids the need to differentiate the shape functions in order to obtain the normal strain in the tangential direction. When compared with the use of Hermite elements, the global reanalysis technique has the attraction that the user does not have to give as input data the additional information required by this type of elements. Another important feature of the proposed approach is that an efficient error indicator for the values of the stresses can also be obtained comparing the values for the stresses obtained through the use of Lagrangian elements and the global reanalysis technique. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Minimum Depth of Soil Cover above Soil–Steel Bridges

Soil–steel bridges are built of flexible corrugated steel panels buried in well-compacted granular soil. Their design is based on the composite interaction between the soil pressures and the displacements of the conduit wall. The structure failure could be initiated by shear or tension failure in the soil cover above the steel conduit. The provisions for design given in different codes, such as the Canadian Highway Bridge Design Code, managed to avoid some of the problems associated with the failure of soil above soil–steel bridges by requiring a minimum depth of soil cover over the crown of the conduit taking into consideration the geometric shape of the conduit. However, the present code requirements for a minimum depth of cover were developed for a maximum span of 7.62 m and using nonstiffened panels of 51 mm depth of corrugation. The effect of having larger spans or using more rigid corrugated panels has not been examined before and is the subject of this paper. The present study uses the finite-element analysis to re-examine the possible soil failures due to centric live loads (i.e., loads acting symmetrically about the mid span of conduit) or eccentric live loads. The study deals with spans up to 15.24 m of circular conduits and 21.3 m of arches with deep corrugations. It has been found that, in addition to the conduit geometry, the actual dimension of the span should be considered to determine the required depth of soil cover.     

Hybrid time domain solvers for the Maxwell equations in 2D

We present a new approach to time domain hybrid schemes for the Maxwell equations. By combining the classical FD‐TD scheme with two unstructured solvers, one explicit finite volume solver and one implicit finite element solver, we achieve a very efficient and flexible second‐order scheme. The second‐order accuracy of the hybrid scheme is verified through convergence studies on perfectly conducting as well as dielectric and diamagnetic circular cylinders. The numerical results also show its superiority to the FD‐TD scheme. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

2D Numerical Simulation of the MEP Energy-Transport Model with a Mixed Finite Elements Scheme

A mixed finite element scheme is used to simulate a consistent energy-transport model for electron transport in semiconductor devices, free of any fitting parameters, formulated on the basis of the maximum entropy principle. Simulations of silicon n⁺-n-n⁺ diodes, 2D-MESFET and 2D-MOSFET and comparisons with the results obtained with Monte Carlo direct simulation and with other energy-transport models, known in literature, show the validity of the model and the robustness of the numerical scheme.     

萃取色层分离-水平式ICP/AES法测定U_3O_8中25种杂质元素

文章叙述了用TBP萃取色层法分离,水平式ICP/AES法测定U_3O_8中25种杂质元素的分析方法。样品转化为硝酸铀酰后,采用以CL-TBP萃淋树脂为固定相,5mol/l HNO_3为流动相的萃取色层法使杂质元素与铀基体分离,杂质流出液以水平式ICP为激发光源的发射光谱分析法直接测定,取样0.3g,所有元素的测定下限在0.01×10~(-6)～5×10~(-6)之间,方法的重加回收率在82%～121%之间,相对标准偏差在13%以内。     

潜江凹陷潜江组元素演化特征及其古气候意义

潜江凹陷是一个小型内陆断陷湖盆,湖盆中的常量元素和微量元素含量及其有关元素比值呈现出明显的旋回变化特征,而其中元素的含量及比值的变化、组合都在一定程度上指示着古气候的演化历程。通过分析Sr、Ba、Ti、Mn等15种元素含量和Fe/Mn,Sr/Ba等六种元素比值的变化特征,结合古盐度及岩心资料,对潜江凹陷潜江组沉积时的古气候作了系统的研究,基本上分出了相对潮湿型、炎热干旱型、温暖潮湿型和干湿交替型四类较为特征的古气候类型。     

不对称变色酸双偶氮类试剂在测定非稀土元素方面的近况

本文详细评述了变色酸双偶氮类试剂在测定非稀土元素方面的最近进展,着重讨论此类试剂在光度分析中的应用.引用文献117篇.     

球铁中微量元素Cu,Cr,Bi分布的SPM分析

球铁石墨相中含有多种微量元素,微量元素中的反球化元素的含量高低和分布对石墨球化、球铁的机械和力学性能有直接影响,为了深入研究球化机制,将球铁制成10μm厚的靶片,用SPM分析了微量元素Cr、Cu、Bi在球墨中和周围的分布,给出了球铁中微量元素二维等高线分布图。实验结果表明球铁中Cr、Cu主要分布在基体中,随着反球化元素Bi含量的增加,Cu逐渐侵入石墨相,在反球化作用中Cu和Bi可能是一组相关的元素。     

An augmented Lagrangian optimization method for contact analysis problems, 1: formulation and algorithm

A review of existing augmented Lagrangian methods (ALM) for contact analysis problems reveals that they have not been implemented with automatic penalty updates as intended in their original development. Therefore, although the methods are an improvement over the penalty methods, solution with them still depends on the user-specified penalty values for the contact constraints. To overcome this drawback, an ALM is developed and discussed for contact analysis problems that automatically update the user-specified penalty values to obtain the final appropriate values. Further, to solve the frictional contact analysis problem accurately, a two-phase formulation is proposed. Solution of the Phase 1 problem removes penetration of the contacting nodes and brings them exactly to their initial contact points. In addition, a new contact constraint is introduced which allows determination of the precise friction force at the contacting nodes. Phase 2 of the formulation checks the friction conditions and solves the friction problem to bring the structure to an equilibrium state. Phases 1 and 2 are then combined to provide a general algorithm for multi-node frictional contact problems. The two-phase procedure also removes dependence of the contact solution on the number of load steps for the elastostatic problem. Numerical evaluation of the formulation and the algorithm is presented in Part 2 of the paper.