基于水情信息交换系统的报汛方式研究

水利部水文局研制的水情信息交换系统在水利专网内实现水利系统内数据库与数据库之间信息的交换和共享,但随着长江水利委员会水文局水情信息来源的不断扩展,与水利专网外的信息交换逐渐增多,现有水情信息交换系统报汛方式已不能很好满足需要。通过方案比选和代码实现,研究基于互联网和短信2种非水情信息交换系统方式的雨水情信息报汛的机制、设计思路和实现方法,结果表明该方式技术上易于实现,弥补了水情信息交换系统报汛方式的不足,在实际工作应用中取得较好的效果。     

Coupled Hydrological/Hydraulic Modelling of River Restoration Impacts and Floodplain Hydrodynamics

Channelization and embankment of rivers has led to major ecological degradation of aquatic habitats worldwide. River restoration can be used to restore favourable hydrological conditions for target species or processes. However, the effects of river restoration on hydraulic and hydrological processes are complex and are often difficult to determine because of the long‐term monitoring required before and after restoration works. Our study is based on rarely available, detailed pre‐restoration and post‐restoration hydrological data collected from a wet grassland meadow in Norfolk, UK, and provides important insights into the hydrological effects of river restoration. Groundwater hydrology and climate were monitored from 2007 to 2010. Based on our data, we developed coupled hydrological/hydraulic models of pre‐embankment and post‐embankment conditions using the MIKE‐SHE/MIKE 11 system. Simulated groundwater levels compared well with observed groundwater. Removal of the river embankments resulted in widespread floodplain inundation at high river flows (>1.7 m³ s^?1) and frequent localized flooding at the river edge during smaller events (>0.6 m³ s^?1). Subsequently, groundwater levels were higher and subsurface storage was greater. The restoration had a moderate effect on flood peak attenuation and improved free drainage to the river. Our results suggest that embankment removal can increase river–floodplain hydrological connectivity to form a more natural wetland ecotone, driven by frequent localized flood disturbance. This has important implications for the planning and management of river restoration projects that aim to enhance floodwater storage, floodplain species composition and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Future bottlenecks in international river basins: where transboundary institutions,population growth and hydrological variability intersect

Using global data, this article examines the nexus of transboundary flood events and future social vulnerability. Which international river basins are forecast to experience an increase in both hydrological variability and population in the future, but currently lack institutional provisions to deal with these shared events? Concentrations of elevated risk are found in several basins in Central Asia, Central America and Central Africa. The article ends by highlighting transboundary basins that merit further investigation and possibly additional institution building to reduce urban flood risk.     

Integrating hydrological modelling,data assimilation and cloud computing for real-time management of water resources

Online data acquisition, data assimilation and integrated hydrological modelling have become more and more important in hydrological science. In this study, we explore cloud computing for integrating field data acquisition and stochastic, physically-based hydrological modelling in a data assimilation and optimisation framework as a service to water resources management. For this purpose, we developed an ensemble Kalman filter-based data assimilation system for the fully-coupled, physically-based hydrological model HydroGeoSphere, which is able to run in a cloud computing environment. A synthetic data assimilation experiment based on the widely used tilted V-catchment problem showed that the computational overhead for the application of the data assimilation platform in a cloud computing environment is minimal, which makes it well-suited for practical water management problems. Advantages of the cloud-based implementation comprise the independence from computational infrastructure and the straightforward integration of cloud-based observation databases with the modelling and data assimilation platform.     

纳米二氧化硅透水混凝土新拌流变及硬化性能

针对传统透水混凝土工作性能不佳和强度偏低的问题,研究了纳米二氧化硅改性透水混凝土的新拌流变性能与硬化性能.结果表明:纳米二氧化硅能够改善新拌透水混凝土中浆体的黏聚性并减少振动时浆体的向下流动,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数达到1.00%时,透水混凝土中浆体的塑性黏度和触变环面积分别提高了64.74%和235.96%;纳米二氧化硅能够通过提高浆体强度来改善透水混凝土的抗压强度,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数超过0.50%后,其对透水混凝土抗压强度的增强效果不再明显;纳米二氧化硅还可以略微提高透水混凝土的透水性能,推测与纳米二氧化硅使得透水混凝土在竖直方向上的孔隙均匀分布有关.     

混合门限自回归模型在长期水文预报中的应用

在长期水文预报中主要应用两类方法,它们是多元分析法和时间序列分析法,这两种方法各有其局限性;应用混合门限自回归模型模拟水文时间序列可以考虑诸多因素,能避免以上两方法的局限性,并在实践中得到检验.     

基于多模型随机组合的水文集合预报方法研究

准确、可靠的水文预报是水资源开发利用的基础.集合预报以概率或区间的形式表征预报的不确定性,是未来水文预报研究的重点发展方向.本文提出了一种基于多模型随机组合的水文集合预报方法.首先通过加权形式将多种预报模型进行组合;再采用多目标优化算法率定各成员模型权重的上、下限;最后在优化的上、下限内随机生成权重以构建集合预报.以汉...     

多元线性回归技术在水文信息系统中的应用

为了保护水资源环境需要建立一个水文信息系统.通过对系统关键技术的分析,阐述了水文信息系统的技术特征.系统主要采用多元线性回归算法,根据水文数据建立预测模型,然后对预测模型进行测试,利用测试好的模型对水位进行预测,预测结果可给水文决策者提供参考.