Candidate Genes and Pathways in Rice Co-Responding to Drought and Salt Identified by gcHap Network

Drought and salinity stresses are significant abiotic factors that limit rice yield. Exploring the co-response mechanism to drought and salt stress will be conducive to future rice breeding. A total of 1748 drought and salt co-responsive genes were screened, most of which are enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the MAPK signaling pathways. We performed gene-coding sequence haplotype (gcHap) network analysis on nine important genes out of the total amount, which showed significant differences between the Xian/indica and Geng/japonica population. These genes were combined with related pathways, resulting in an interesting mechanistic draft called the ‘gcHap-network pathway’. Meanwhile, we collected a lot of drought and salt breeding varieties, especially the introgression lines (ILs) with HHZ as the parent, which contained the above-mentioned nine genes. This might imply that these ILs have the potential to improve the tolerance to drought and salt. In this paper, we focus on the relationship of drought and salt co-response gene gcHaps and their related pathways using a novel angle. The haplotype network will be helpful to explore the desired haplotypes that can be implemented in haplotype-based breeding programs.     

围池而居：旱涝共存下黄土台塬传统聚落营建的景观特征研究

旱涝共存压力下黄土台塬传统聚落形成了“围池而居”的形态,以及可识别的地域景观特征。首先,基于多次田野调查、文献查阅、历史卫星地图分析、口述史等研究方法,解析水池与传统聚落空间建构之间的关系,从“池-巷”组成的蓄水排涝体系及“池-庙”形成的地方社会场景两方面,总结归纳水池所塑造的风土聚落景观特征,并挖掘其中的生存智慧。其次,将“池-巷”蓄水排涝体系归纳为“多池联动”“分巷汇水”与“边缘拦蓄”3种模式,总结“池-庙”地方社会场景赋予水池及其周边公共建筑基础服务设施之外的文化景观作用。最后,总结传统蓄水池进出水口及配套设施的设置方式,并通过口述史记录总结水池的地方营造技艺。     

基于多模型随机组合的水文集合预报方法研究

准确、可靠的水文预报是水资源开发利用的基础.集合预报以概率或区间的形式表征预报的不确定性,是未来水文预报研究的重点发展方向.本文提出了一种基于多模型随机组合的水文集合预报方法.首先通过加权形式将多种预报模型进行组合;再采用多目标优化算法率定各成员模型权重的上、下限;最后在优化的上、下限内随机生成权重以构建集合预报.以汉...     

多元线性回归技术在水文信息系统中的应用

为了保护水资源环境需要建立一个水文信息系统.通过对系统关键技术的分析,阐述了水文信息系统的技术特征.系统主要采用多元线性回归算法,根据水文数据建立预测模型,然后对预测模型进行测试,利用测试好的模型对水位进行预测,预测结果可给水文决策者提供参考.     

混合门限自回归模型在长期水文预报中的应用

在长期水文预报中主要应用两类方法,它们是多元分析法和时间序列分析法,这两种方法各有其局限性;应用混合门限自回归模型模拟水文时间序列可以考虑诸多因素,能避免以上两方法的局限性,并在实践中得到检验.     

Differential Physio-Biochemical and Metabolic Responses of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under Multiple Abiotic Stress Conditions

The frequency and severity of extreme climatic conditions such as drought, salinity, cold, and heat are increasing due to climate change. Moreover, in the field, plants are affected by multiple abiotic stresses simultaneously or sequentially. Thus, it is imperative to compare the effects of stress combinations on crop plants relative to individual stresses. This study investigated the differential regulation of physio-biochemical and metabolomics parameters in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) under individual (salt, drought, cold, and heat) and combined stress treatments using multivariate correlation analysis. The results showed that combined heat, salt, and drought stress compounds the stress effect of individual stresses. Combined stresses that included heat had the highest electrolyte leakage and lowest relative water content. Lipid peroxidation and chlorophyll contents did not significantly change under combined stresses. Biochemical parameters, such as free amino acids, polyphenol, starch, and sugars, significantly changed under combined stresses compared to individual stresses. Free amino acids increased under combined stresses that included heat; starch, sugars, and polyphenols increased under combined stresses that included drought; proline concentration increased under combined stresses that included salt. Metabolomics data that were obtained under different individual and combined stresses can be used to identify molecular phenotypes that are involved in the acclimation response of plants under changing abiotic stress conditions. Peanut metabolomics identified 160 metabolites, including amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, organic acids, fatty acids, sugar acids, and other organic compounds. Pathway enrichment analysis revealed that abiotic stresses significantly affected amino acid, amino sugar, and sugar metabolism. The stress treatments affected the metabolites that were associated with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and urea cycles and associated amino acid biosynthesis pathway intermediates. Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and heatmap analysis identified potential marker metabolites (pinitol, malic acid, and xylopyranose) that were associated with abiotic stress combinations, which could be used in breeding efforts to develop peanut cultivars that are resilient to climate change. The study will also facilitate researchers to explore different stress indicators to identify resistant cultivars for future crop improvement programs.     

浅析需求导向下如何提升湾沚区水旱灾害防御信息化水平

湾沚区水旱灾害频发,严重影响地区社会经济发展和危及人民生命财产安全。水旱灾害防御信息化系统是防汛抗旱的重要手段,为防汛抗旱的决策和调度提供技术支撑。本文对湾沚区水旱灾害防御信息化建设背景、需求和现状进行梳理和分析。以功能需求和性能需求为导向,针对湾沚区信息化建设存在的不足,提出监测体系、预警平台、终端服务、运维机制等方面的措施建议,为水旱灾害防御信息化建设提供思路与借鉴。