DLL?技术在水文预报系统中的应用

在水文预报系统开发中,通过 DLL 技术的应用,既充分发挥多种开发语言各自的特长,提高系统开发效率,又可提高系统的运行速率,增强系统的可扩展性.详细分析用 VB 创建及测试水文预报模型.DLL 的步骤,以及在 ASP.Net 中如何调用 VB 创建的 DLL 进行水文预报.程序编写和调用实例证明,使用 DLL 技术实现水文预报的方法是切实有效的     

气象集合预报的研究进展

集合预报是数值预报发展的一个重要方向,相对于单一的确定性预报,它考虑了初值及模式的不确定性,其结果反映了未来天气的多种状况,能为用户提供确定性预报所不能提供的信息(如预报结果的可信度等)。降水信息是水文预报系统的核心输入,单一的降水预报存在着不确定性,从而使得水文预报也存在不确定性。这种不确定性制约了水利工程调度的科学性。集合预报在一定程度上能解决这种不确定性。从而在水文领域,气象集合预报具有较高的应用价值。为了水文工作者能够更好地应用集合预报,本文首先基于系统的角度,对集合预报系统中的初值扰动、模式扰动和集合预报产品等研究现状及成果进行了评述,然后分析了降水集合预报产品在水文预报领域中的应用情况,最后对集合预报在水文领域中的应用进行了展望。     

三峡围堰发电期水文预报分析和水位控制策略探讨

对三峡水电站投产以来的水文预报情况进行了全面的统计分析，总结了水文预报的特点，指出了存在的问题，并在此基础上对三峡水库水位控制策略进行了初步研究，得出了不同控制目标下的水位控制策略。     

单频组网技术在红枫电厂水情自动测报系统中的应用

单频组网是水情自动测报系统中采用特高频信道传输的关键技术。介绍了南瑞水情公司的远程传输控制协议——NARI/SP及其在红枫电厂水情自动测报系统中的应用设计，组建了复杂的特高频传输网络，实现了中心站对遥测路由的完全控制，不仅节约了宝贵的频点资源，而且有效地提高了系统的运行和维护效率。     

基于水情信息交换系统的报汛方式研究

水利部水文局研制的水情信息交换系统在水利专网内实现水利系统内数据库与数据库之间信息的交换和共享,但随着长江水利委员会水文局水情信息来源的不断扩展,与水利专网外的信息交换逐渐增多,现有水情信息交换系统报汛方式已不能很好满足需要。通过方案比选和代码实现,研究基于互联网和短信2种非水情信息交换系统方式的雨水情信息报汛的机制、设计思路和实现方法,结果表明该方式技术上易于实现,弥补了水情信息交换系统报汛方式的不足,在实际工作应用中取得较好的效果。     

Coupled Hydrological/Hydraulic Modelling of River Restoration Impacts and Floodplain Hydrodynamics

Channelization and embankment of rivers has led to major ecological degradation of aquatic habitats worldwide. River restoration can be used to restore favourable hydrological conditions for target species or processes. However, the effects of river restoration on hydraulic and hydrological processes are complex and are often difficult to determine because of the long‐term monitoring required before and after restoration works. Our study is based on rarely available, detailed pre‐restoration and post‐restoration hydrological data collected from a wet grassland meadow in Norfolk, UK, and provides important insights into the hydrological effects of river restoration. Groundwater hydrology and climate were monitored from 2007 to 2010. Based on our data, we developed coupled hydrological/hydraulic models of pre‐embankment and post‐embankment conditions using the MIKE‐SHE/MIKE 11 system. Simulated groundwater levels compared well with observed groundwater. Removal of the river embankments resulted in widespread floodplain inundation at high river flows (>1.7 m³ s^?1) and frequent localized flooding at the river edge during smaller events (>0.6 m³ s^?1). Subsequently, groundwater levels were higher and subsurface storage was greater. The restoration had a moderate effect on flood peak attenuation and improved free drainage to the river. Our results suggest that embankment removal can increase river–floodplain hydrological connectivity to form a more natural wetland ecotone, driven by frequent localized flood disturbance. This has important implications for the planning and management of river restoration projects that aim to enhance floodwater storage, floodplain species composition and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

Future bottlenecks in international river basins: where transboundary institutions,population growth and hydrological variability intersect

Using global data, this article examines the nexus of transboundary flood events and future social vulnerability. Which international river basins are forecast to experience an increase in both hydrological variability and population in the future, but currently lack institutional provisions to deal with these shared events? Concentrations of elevated risk are found in several basins in Central Asia, Central America and Central Africa. The article ends by highlighting transboundary basins that merit further investigation and possibly additional institution building to reduce urban flood risk.     

Integrating hydrological modelling,data assimilation and cloud computing for real-time management of water resources

Online data acquisition, data assimilation and integrated hydrological modelling have become more and more important in hydrological science. In this study, we explore cloud computing for integrating field data acquisition and stochastic, physically-based hydrological modelling in a data assimilation and optimisation framework as a service to water resources management. For this purpose, we developed an ensemble Kalman filter-based data assimilation system for the fully-coupled, physically-based hydrological model HydroGeoSphere, which is able to run in a cloud computing environment. A synthetic data assimilation experiment based on the widely used tilted V-catchment problem showed that the computational overhead for the application of the data assimilation platform in a cloud computing environment is minimal, which makes it well-suited for practical water management problems. Advantages of the cloud-based implementation comprise the independence from computational infrastructure and the straightforward integration of cloud-based observation databases with the modelling and data assimilation platform.     

纳米二氧化硅透水混凝土新拌流变及硬化性能

针对传统透水混凝土工作性能不佳和强度偏低的问题,研究了纳米二氧化硅改性透水混凝土的新拌流变性能与硬化性能.结果表明:纳米二氧化硅能够改善新拌透水混凝土中浆体的黏聚性并减少振动时浆体的向下流动,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数达到1.00%时,透水混凝土中浆体的塑性黏度和触变环面积分别提高了64.74%和235.96%;纳米二氧化硅能够通过提高浆体强度来改善透水混凝土的抗压强度,当纳米二氧化硅质量分数超过0.50%后,其对透水混凝土抗压强度的增强效果不再明显;纳米二氧化硅还可以略微提高透水混凝土的透水性能,推测与纳米二氧化硅使得透水混凝土在竖直方向上的孔隙均匀分布有关.     

盐湖流域空-天-地立体监测系统结合VIC模型径流模拟初探

盐湖流域属于无资料地区且基础资料稀缺,使用传统方法开展水文模拟存在困难。为了研究盐湖流域生态环境、水文气象等变化,综合利用卫星遥感、无人船等技术,建立盐湖流域空-天-地立体监测系统,构建盐湖水位-面积-容积关系曲线,并通过月尺度遥感数据解译了盐湖月尺度湖泊面积,推算了盐湖蓄变量和盐湖入湖月尺度径流量。通过收集并整理中国区域地面气象要素驱动数据集CMFD和MODIS LAI叶面积指数等数据,构建了基于多源数据的VIC模型,开展盐湖流域湖泊径流模拟研究。结果表明,盐湖流域径流模拟纳什系数NSE和相对误差分别为0.87和11.81%,表现出实际径流的丰枯变化情况。盐湖流域空-天-地立体监测系统结合VIC模型能够模拟盐湖流域的月尺度径流变化过程,对无资料区域河湖水文模拟具有一定参考意义。