THE ANALYSIS OF THE SEPARATED LAYERS ALGORITHM BY DOMAIN DECOMPOSITION METHOD

From the principle of of the Domain Decomposition Method (DDM), we analyse the 2nd-order linear elliptic partial differential problems and link the Separated-Layers Algorithm (SLA) with DDM. The mathematical properties of SLA and numerical example are presented to obtain satisfactory computation results. For general linear differential ones, also are the structure of SLA and its characteristics discussed.     

Coupling techniques in boundary-combined methods for solving elliptic problems with singularities

Three coupling strategies in matching the Ritz-Galerkin method and the finite element method are introduced for general elliptic equations, and useful numerical techniques are provided. Numerical experiments have been carried out for solving the typical, singular Motz problem, which shows that optimal convergence rates of numerical solutions can be achieved by using the combined methods and techniques provided in this paper.     

Spectral approximations of the Stokes problem by divergence-free functions

The method of Moser, Moin, and Leonard (1983) for the approximation of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations using divergence-free subspaces is revisited and analyzed. It is shown that the computed velocity field converges to the physical one with spectral accuracy. Moreover, a method for recovering the pressure field is proposed. This method is stable and provides a pressure that converges to the physical one with spectral accuracy.     

Excavation of Inlet Tunnels at Geheyan Power Station

1　ＯｖｅｒｖｉｅｗＴｈｅＧｅｈｅｙａｎＰｏｗｅｒＳｔａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｆｏｕｒｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｉｎｌｅｔｔｕｎ ｎｅｌｓ，ｏｎｔｈｅｒｉｇｈｔｂａｎｋｏｆｄａｍｓｉｔｅ，ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｉｒｅｘｃａｖａｔｉｏｎｄｉ ａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆ 11．3ｍｔｏ 12．5ｍ，ａｆｔｅｒ ｌｉｎｉｎｇｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒｏｆ 9．5ｍ，ａｘｉｓ ｔｏ ａｘｉｓｓｐａｃｉｎｇｏｆ2 4ｍ．Ｔｈｅｔｈｉｃｋｎｅｓｓｏｆｐｉｌｌａｒｓａｒｅｅｑｕａｌｔｏｔｈｅｔｕｎｎｅｌｄｉａｍｅｔｅｒ．Ｔｈｅｉｎｔａｋｅｃｅｎｔｅｒｉｓａｔｅｌｅｖａ ｔｉ…     

Drying of Chestnuts (Castanea sativa Mill.) after Osmotic Dehydration with Sucrose and Glucose Solutions

Chestnuts were dehydrated by using a combined method of osmotic dehydration followed by air drying. Samples were osmotically pretreated with sucrose (60% w/w) and glucose (56% w/w) for 8 h, air-dried at temperatures of 45, 55, and 65°C, at a relative humidity of 30% and at a velocity of 2.7 m·s^-1 and the experimental data of the drying kinetics were obtained. Whole samples were dried with different peelings: (a) removal of endocarp and pericarp (peeled) and (b) additionally the internal rough surface (cut). In all cases, cut chestnuts show greater drying rates than peeled samples, indicating that a significant mass transfer resistance in the layer nearest to the surface takes place. Peeled samples pretreated with sucrose solutions behave in a similar way to untreated samples. For the rest of the samples, the cut samples osmotically treated with sucrose solutions and all the samples treated with the glucose solution, the drying rates decrease during drying. Drying kinetics are successfully modeled by employing a diffusional model that takes the shrinkage into account. The effective coefficient of water diffusion was evaluated and correlated with temperature. The quality of the final product was monitored by color change. In spite of the fact that the total color difference is not modified by the osmotic treatment, the L*, a*, and b* color coordinates of cut samples treated with sucrose and glucose solutions do undergo changes; the L* and a* coordinates change less than the b*.     

Packaging production and consumption in the world and in some industrialized countries

This paper reports on statistics concerning production and consumption of packaging (as a whole or per capita) in Europe, in the USA, in Japan and in the world. Data have been provided by National Trade Associations and by consultants specialized in packaging and in economics. It is estimated that in 1986 the global consumption of packaging reached 150 millions of tonnes valued at 1200 billions of French francs. Consumption could reach 247 million tonnes by the year 2000. Paper and board have the highest consumption rate, but plastics have the highest rate of growth. Nevertheless, consumption per capita in the industrialized countries will be more than 10 times the consumption in underdeveloped countries. The packaging industries take fourth place in the USA, sixth in Western Germany and twelfth in France. In Europe, as in the world, paper and board is the material most used (40%), with glass (a high density material) taking second place and plastics third, i.e. if we consider the quantity of materials and not their value. Some differences appear between the various countries, but the figures for USA and Japan lead to similar conclusions. The survey shows clearly that the USA as compared with Europe has twice the consumption of packaging materials per capita and this difference is even greater compared with the rest of the world.     

基于ANSYS的闩体刚强度有限元分析

闩体的刚度和强度必须满足设计要求。用有限元法对复杂结构件进行力学性能分析是非常有效的方法。采用ANSYS软件对闩体进行了刚度和强度分析,得出了有用的结论,可供相关设计借鉴。     

固定床吸附器透过曲线参数优化方法

开发了一种固定床吸附器透过曲线参数估值的优化方法，用Ｂａｓｉｃ语言编制了运算程序，并在普及型２８６微机上考核了该法的可靠性，相对误差在１％以下，运算机时７．５ｍｉｎ。     

Isolation of single yeast cells by optical trapping

Individual yeast cells can be successfully isolated and recultured on plates with a new isolation method making use of optical trapping with infrared laser light. The cells can be selected on morphological criteria by high resolution microscopy. The isolation device is constructed from two coverslips separated by spacers, in which selected cells are transferred to a plastic capillary, using the optical trap. To test the procedure, selection experiments were done with a mixture of two Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains, distinguishable both in fluorescence microscopy and on agar plates. These experiments showed that only selected cells were isolated, and close to 100% of the isolated stationary-phase cells formed colonies on agar plates, indicating a high recovery. A lower recovery was obtained with exponential-phase cells, possibly because of a higher sensitivity to laser irradiation. Applications for this method may include the isolation of mutants with altered morphology and the isolation of subpopulations of yeast cultures, for their separate investigation or for the initiation of pure cultures.     

A calibration method for the energy-integrating function in photovoltaic system monitoring

Solar radiation has an irregularly varying factor due to a basic day and night cycle and climatic conditions. For such conditions a data sampling interval is important to ensure the accuracy of energy monitoring in a photovoltaic system. While treating a system monitoring equipment as a black box. the author has developed the method of calibrating an energy-integrating function. At first for various input waveforms, the relationship between sampling intervals and quasi-integration outputs have been examined by trapezoidal rule. In the numerical simulation the phases of the sampling clock also are considered Then it is concluded that a sampling interval can be inspected through outside observation only by using a rectangular single pulse. By applying the pulse to the energy-integrating process, two kinds of integrated outputs can be obtained for different sampling phases. The calculated difference between both outputs can uniquely give the sampling interval being inspected. Conditions to ensure measuring accuracy are discussed and the validity of this method has been demonstrated experimentally. Practical calibrating procedures also are proposed for the integrating function of PV system monitoring.