农业用水及土壤水资源分析研究

在现行水资源评价中,只把地表水和地下水作为水资源看待,但我国华北平原地区降水的70%转化成土壤水,成为农业生产最重要的水源。依据华北平原土壤特性,从农业用水的角度分析了土壤水的水文特征,提出土壤水资源分析研究的建议。     

智慧水文应用数字孪生5G专网用户自运营管理实践研究--以曲靖市5G智慧水文面店示范站项目为例

中国移动助力云南省曲靖市落地5G智慧水文面店示范站项目实践,融合5G、北斗、云计算、物联网、数字孪生等新技术,基于中国移动OneLink平台和OneNET平台定制开发了曲靖水文5G数字孪生运用管理云平台,提供软硬件总集成服务成功打造曲靖市5G+智慧水文面店示范站。该实践树立了5G专网用户自运营管理的成功标杆,为水文行业以及对5G专网用户自运营管理有需求的政府及企事业单位起到成功案例借鉴复制作用。     

A CLIMATE‐BASED INDEX OF HISTORIC SPAWNING‐STREAM HYDROLOGY

Reproductive success of stream‐spawning Oncorhynchus fishes (Pacific salmon, rainbow trout, cutthroat trout and their allies) may be greatly affected by stream discharge or its covariate, stream temperature, during the spawning season. Because such data for the physical environment may not have been routinely collected as part of previous investigations of these fishes, identification of simple but robust indices of historic, seasonal stream discharge and temperature, using long‐term climate data sets, would be important, especially to investigations of historic population dynamics. This study examined statistical associations among several climate variables and the spawning‐season (approximately June) discharges and temperatures of Clear Creek, a Yellowstone Lake tributary used by spawning Yellowstone cutthroat trout, Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT), from the lake. Correlation analysis showed that total water‐year degree‐days (calculated on the basis of mean daily air temperature > 0°C) at Lake Village, on the lake's north shore, was a robust index (both negative and positive, respectively) of consecutive, total semi‐month metrics of creek discharge and temperature during the YCT spawning season. This study (and subsequent use of the Lake Village degree days metric as an environmental variable in a dynamic, age‐structured model of the lacustrine–adfluvial YCT population of Clear Creek) showed how exploratory analyses of the fragmentary but long‐term and regionally unique data sets for Clear Creek discharge and temperature revealed a simple but robust index of climate variation important to understanding the historic dynamics of Clear Creek's YCT population, which is a key spawning stock of Yellowstone Lake. In addition, the extensive statistical associations among the climate variables, along with the temporal trends in two key variables, broadly showed how climate varied across the Yellowstone Lake region during the past several decades. Those observations have implications for the historic, seasonal hydrology of all Yellowstone Lake tributaries used by spawning YCT. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A SWAT evaluation of the effect of climate change on the hydrology of the Volta River basin

The SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) was used to evaluate the impacts of a climate scenario based on IPCC A1B emissions on flows in the Volta River basin in West Africa for 2021–2050 and 2071–2100, using 1983–2012 as the reference period. Overall, the simulation indicates increased variability and a decrease of up to 40% in river flow as a consequence of decreasing rainfall and increasing temperature. In particular, the analysis shows smaller absolute but greater relative changes in the hydrology of the northern (upper) part of the basin, particularly at the end of the century.     

水利信息化系统建设需求分析

结合水雨情测报系统的建设和管理经验,讨论水利信息化系统建设中需求分析的重要性,介绍需求所包含的业务、用户、系统、功能、非功能等5个层次的概念和内容,着重从前期准备工作、对用户业务和相关知识的了解、对用户正确分类、引导用户充分表达自己的想法、实地了解用户的工作流程、需求可行性分析、确定需求的优先级别等方面分析水利信息化系统建设需求分析中的主要注意事项,从而说明需求分析是水利信息化系统建设成功的重要保证     

水文学中流域水循环机制与水文模型研究

随着社会的迅速发展,人类对自然水循环的影响越来越严重;流域内的水并非静止不动,而是处于不停地运动变化与相互变更的状态,这就要求我们要把大气、土壤及水看作一个整体或者一个系统,从而对其进行研究管理。介绍了几个较为典型的流域水文学模型,分析了现有流域水文模型的局限性,指出当前的不足及其原因。     

物联网技术在河流水位监测中的应用

结合物联网的相关技术理论,提出了一种基于物联网架构的水位监测系统的设计方案,利用ZigBee无线通信技术的特点,结合河流水位预报的实际情况,采用数簇结构组建ZigBee网络,该系统对水文监测中的重要指标水位进行远程实时监测.实验表明,系统运行可靠,具有一定的应用前景.     

气候变化及其对湖北长江水文水资源的影响

采用降水量累积频率,得出了长江干流湖北段洪涝灾情出现概率大于旱情,用r=kRαTβ模型来探讨降水和气温变化对径流量的影响,该流域的年径流量在总体上随降水量的增加而上升,随气温的下降而增加.利用相关统计方法,得出了不同季节上游各流域降水对宜昌水文站流量影响的程度各异.应用小波分析原理,显示出历史流量和降水变化的周期、目前所处的状况和今后的演变趋势.三峡大坝建成后,在很大程度上改变自然状态下长江上游来水的分配,此分析结果具有重要参考价值.     

3S技术在水文水环境与水资源管理中的应用

"3S"技术的空间特性决定了其在水文水环境和水资源管理中有着广阔的应用前景.在介绍"3S"技术及其结合基本原理的基础上,较为详细介绍其在该领域中的应用情况,指出部分存在的问题,并对"3S"技术在该领域应用前景进行展望.     

华中网水电站群的优化补偿调度研究

水电站群的优化调度，是实现区域水资源优化配置，实现枢纽经济运行的重要手段。从水文补偿和水库蓄能补偿两个方面，研究了华中网水电站群的优化补偿调度的可行性与现实意义。对华中网水电站群的科学调度管理具有重要的指导意义。