Shrinkage, density, porosity and shape changes during dehydration of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) fruits

The aim of this work was to study the changes in volume, density, porosity and shape factors of pumpkin tissue during osmotic dehydration (OD) and air drying (AD). Pumpkin cylinders with length/diameter ratio of 5/3 were used. OD experiments were carried out with solutions of sucrose, sodium chloride and mixtures of both solutes at different temperatures. AD experiments were conducted at 70 °C. Volume of samples decreased linearly with weight reduction (WR). Bulk density varied in a restricted range (5-13%) during dehydration and for all the methods maximum values were found. Particle density increased during both processes. Porosity increased at advanced degrees of dehydration, showing a minimum value at the beginning of OD and AD. The proposed models to evaluate shrinkage, bulk and particle densities and porosity from WR were satisfactorily applied. Image analysis showed that shrinkage of samples during OD was isotropic. Pumpkin cylinders increased elongation and decreased roundness and compactness during osmotic dehydration.     

山西省电力营销走势及其影响因素分析——以用电量为依据全省前三季度电力营销情况分析

2013年以来,受国内外经济下行压力增大、工业用电减缓特别是高耗能行业用电减少等因素影响,山西全省电力营销增速呈现低速平稳增长趋势.进入三季度,煤炭、焦化等传统行业产销回暖,拉动当月用电增速连续回升,电力营销呈现企稳向好的态势.     

浅谈影响高锰酸盐指数准确度的若干因素

高锰酸盐指数是一个相对的条件性指标,其测定结果与标准溶液浓度、加热时间与温度、滴定条件、空白值等因素有关.全面总结分析了实际监测中各因素对CODMn测定的影响情况,并指出测定过程中应当注意的关键问题,对高锰酸盐指数的准确测定具有非常重要的意义.     

Winning and positive affect can lead to reckless gambling.

Experiments 1 and 2 examined whether winning versus losing led to reckless betting for real prize money. Experiment 2 also assessed whether positive or negative emotions were linked to such reckless betting. College students were randomly assigned to experience primarily either wins or losses during the rigged first round of a computerized card tournament that had 2 independent rounds. For the second round, participants’ chip totals were reset and cards were dealt randomly. In Experiment 1 (N = 107), participants in the Initial-Winning, as compared with the Initial-Losing, condition bet more recklessly (i.e., bet too many chips when a loss was likely). Experiment 2 (N = 72) again showed that Initial-Winning participants bet significantly more recklessly than did Initial-Losing participants. It also revealed that positive affect was significantly positively correlated with such reckless betting. These findings have implications for understanding how college students, those at an age when they are especially vulnerable to problem gambling, can come to lose more money than they can afford. Initially winning and positive affect when gambling could be risk factors. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

高强陶粒混凝土的配制研究

本文通过正交试验研究了高强陶粒混凝土的影响因素，并在此基础上对陶粒混凝土的和易性与力学性能进行了试验分析，以供工程实践参考。     

建议设立“局域地应力活动指数”报告

基于目前国内外地震学研究工作的水平，还不足以给出包含地震“三要素”的精确预测或预报。建议设立“局域地应力活动指数报告”。它实际上是对大量的、多种类的与地应力有关的观测数据的一种统计和综合。它不是地震预报，却与地震的发生有关，可用于专业研究领域的有关地下应力活动的通报和交流，并对局部区域内可能发生的地震提供一定程度的示警。在目前条件下，“局域地应力活动指数”报告具有可行性和实用性。考虑到处理关系到社会安定的问题应该慎之又慎，作为ILSA应用的第一步，可只用于研究领域内的通报与交流，这实际上也是一个摸索和总结经验的阶段；在条件成熟之后，公众已经对ILSA的性质有足够的了解和认识，才可如地质灾害等的警示一样，将发布ILSA“常态化”，这是一个未来考虑的“二期工程”。     

Predictors of high-risk alcohol consumption in young offenders on community orders: Policy and treatment implications.

The present study examined the relationship between a set of individual and contextual variables and high-risk alcohol use among young offenders placed on community orders in New South Wales, Australia. Participants (n = 777) were compared on a set of factors known to be strong predictors of high-risk alcohol use among adolescents. The authors assessed the strength of the relationship between gender, age, ethnicity, geographical region of residence, school attendance, father absence, history of childhood trauma, and the presence of severe conduct disorder on weekly levels of alcohol use. Living in rural locations, not currently attending school, being female, and not having been raised with a biological father present were associated with significantly increased odds of alcohol abuse. Father absence was a more important risk factor for rural young offenders, but school dropout was associated with more hazardous drinking among young offenders in urban areas. Accordingly, the authors suggest family-focused intervention programs for young offenders living in rural areas and school-based programs for vulnerable young people living in urban areas, although programs should consider including both factors for both groups if feasible and warranted. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

如何利用临床资料进行回顾性队列研究

临床病例资源丰富,但往往存在基线资料不全、非随机分组导致混杂因素多、失访率高等问题,限制了临床医生利用这些数据开展研究。采用限制、配对、分层、多因素分析、倾向性评分等多种方法可以克服已有临床病例资料的固有缺陷,从而得出可靠结论。本文从队列研究的设计、分析、论文撰写等方面阐述如何进行高质量的临床研究。     

Bacteriocins as food preservatives: Challenges and emerging horizons

ABSTRACT

The increasing demand for fresh-like food products and the potential health hazards of chemically preserved and processed food products have led to the advent of alternative technologies for the preservation and maintenance of the freshness of the food products. One such preservation strategy is the usage of bacteriocins or bacteriocins producing starter cultures for the preservation of the intended food matrixes. Bacteriocins are ribosomally synthesized smaller polypeptide molecules that exert antagonistic activity against closely related and unrelated group of bacteria. This review is aimed at bringing to lime light the various class of bacteriocins mainly from gram positive bacteria. The desirable characteristics of the bacteriocins which earn them a place in food preservation technology, the success story of the same in various food systems, the various challenges and the strategies employed to put them to work efficiently in various food systems has been discussed in this review. From the industrial point of view various aspects like the improvement of the producer strains, downstream processing and purification of the bacteriocins and recent trends in engineered bacteriocins has also been briefly discussed in this review.