胶结充填材料的强度特性与强度设计(Ⅲ)——胶结充填材料的强度特性

本文对低强度的胶结脱泥尾砂充填材料的特性,包括其力学模型、本构关系、破坏准则以及影响强度特性的主要因素等,在实验室实验的基础上进行了较为深入的研究,并得出了一些实用的重要结论。     

工字形截面偏心钢压杆考虑残余应力时的弯扭屈曲

本文以理想弹塑性材料为基础求解弯扭屈曲荷载,取用制订TJ17-74规范所用典型截面,考虑了焰割边钢板焊接工字形截面构件残余应力的影响。应用分支屈曲理论进行分析,将截面分为若干单元,编制了稳定系数φ_1的计算程序,算出了稳定系数φ_1。并将所算得的φ_1值与既有的试验结果和按三角形残余应力分布图形以及无残余应力时所算得的1值进行了对照比较,提出了简化方案。     

异弹模界面裂缝应力强度因子的计算

本文将分区混合有限元用于计算异弹模界面裂缝应力强度出子,扩大了分区混合有限元的应用范围。由实例说明,数字计算结果与试验值相当符合。     

When the chips are down: Social and technical aspects of computer failure and repair

This paper explores computer failure as a social event by examining recorded interactions between computer users and help-desk consultants (technicians). It was found, first, that the nature of a failure was negotiated between participants rather than being simply technically evident. Failure was defined from users' perspectives, in relation to what they were trying to achieve, rather than according to technical parameters. Secondly, negotiations of failure had social consequences for both users and help-desk consultants. Both avoided being seen as incompetent and actively defended their social standing. Thirdly, such social issues sometimes took precedence over technical and practical ones. The implications for HCI theorists and practitioners are twofold: firstly, failure should be accepted as a regular part of computer use in which human–computer interaction continues even though the interface may be non-functional. Secondly, the management of failure could be better addressed if technicians were trained in social as well as technical intervention skills.     

Ante- and perinatal factors and child characteristics predicting parenting experience among formerly infertile couples during the child's first year: A controlled study.

In this prospective controlled study, the authors examined (a) parenting experiences among couples with successful assisted reproduction treatment (ART; n = 367) and fertile spontaneously conceiving controls (n = 371) and (b) the impact of ante- and perinatal factors and child characteristics on parenting experiences. The results show that positive mothering experiences increased more during the 1st year of parenting and were generally higher among ART mothers than control mothers. No differences were found between ART fathers and controls in their fathering experience. Unpleasant birth experiences, low birth weight, and difficulty soothing the child were associated with high levels of parental stress in the control group, but this was not so among the ART parents. Psychosocial interventions in maternal care should take into account the various meanings that couples give to the history of infertility and conception and ante- and perinatal experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

浅谈大学生的心理健康教育

社会的发展使大学生心理健康教育迫在眉睫，为了更好地对大学生进行心理健康教育，章对这一教育的影响因素及大学生心理健康培养方法进行了详细阐述。     

城市水环境承载力与可持续发展策略研究

在充分理解水环境承载力内涵及其影响因素的基础上,建立了水环境承载力评价指标体系.在分析和总结现有资料的基础上,对水环境承载力量化方法的研究程度及其存在的问题进行了论述.提出了城市水环境承载力与可持续发展策略的模糊优选理论、模型和方法.并以实例进行验证,从而为决策提供可靠依据     

环境艺术之美——画境 意境 化境

环境艺术美学形态是当代环境艺术发展的重要内容,对持续有效的环境建设具有十分重要的意义。文章立足环境艺术美学的基本类型,从发展过程入手,论述其内涵、表现形式以及手法特性,探索了现代环境艺术美学形态的建构以及基本方法。     

审计行为科学化的途径

审计行为与其他各种行为一样,都存在着一个不断改进、不断完善的过程,这一改进和完善的过程就是审计行为科学的产生和发展过程。通过阐述审计行为产生的原因,影响审计行为的心理因素和社会因素,从激发人的内在动机,调整和推动审计行为;适应审计环境,促进审计行为的发展;加强审计价值观和职业道德、知识素养建设以规范审计行为等方面,对促使审计行为科学化的途径进行了探索。     

Experience with approximate reliability-based optimization methods II: an exhaust system problem

Traditional reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) requires a double-loop iteration process. The inner optimization loop is to find the reliability and the outer is the regular optimization loop to optimize the RBDO problem with reliability objectives or constraints. It is known that the computation can be prohibitive when the associated function evaluation is expensive. This situation is even worse when a large number of reliability constraints are present. As a result, many approximate RBDO methods, which convert the double loop to a single loop, have been developed. In this research, an engineering problem with a large number of constraints (144) is designed to test RBDO methods based on the first-order reliability method (FORM), including single- and double-loop methods. In addition to the number of constraints, this problem possesses many local minimums. Some original authors of the RBDO methods are also asked to solve the same problem. The results and the efficiencies for different methods are published and discussed.