6000m深海扬矿系统仿真分析

深海多金属结核开采系统的扬矿系统主要由扬矿硬管、扬矿泵、中间仓、扬矿软管等组成的长管线系统构成,其水下的运动学行为,决定了深海采矿的成败.运用几何非线性有限元理论对6000m深海采矿系统的扬矿系统进行了力学分析;在扬矿系统受管道及管内流体重力,海水浮力以及水平液动力作用的情况下,用有限元方法分别对几种工况下的扬矿系统进行了仿真计算,其结果可作为扬矿系统的设计和操作控制的依据.     

系留气球压差与球体应力变化关系研究

针对系留气球球体压差变化和球体应力变化之间的关系进行研究.对球体受力情况进行简化,采用微元受力分析的方法进行应力分析,得出球体应力的理论解.采用有限元软件对无附加结构的球体进行应力分析并同球体应力的理论解进行对比,验证了有限元软件计算结果的可靠性.利用有限元方法在不同压差情况下对球体应力进行分析,确定了其高应力区域的范围和数值.需要指出的是采用膜单元比采用通常的薄壳单元进行应力分析更贴近实际情况.上述结果为球体气囊的结构设计、强度设计提供依据.     

重载电力机车车体的设计与强度计算

针对自主设计研发的总功率为9600kW的6轴新型重载电力机车的突出问题,要解决在纵向牵引制动载荷增加的条件下,车体挠度明显增大、工作应力大大增加,同时又要合理减重.为此,利用ANSY有限元软件,针对新型重载电力机车的特点,首先借鉴国内外车体结构技术标准和重载机车的实际运行状态研究确定了机车的载荷工况,并对车体结构的强度和剐度进行了有限元分析;根据各种工况下应力的分布特点,并基于抗疲劳破坏的观点,分析了车体结构所存在的问题,并提出了相应的改进方案.比较分析的结果表明,改进方案既保证了车体的刚度与强度,又收到了比较明显的减重效果,是一种比较合理的改进结构.     

单搭接接头温度场与热应力分布的研究

为了对胶接接头承受热载荷时的温度场和热应力分布进行数值模拟,利用有限元法对单搭接接头的被粘物外表而承受不同温度、速度气流时的温度分布情况进行了分析.在考虑接头变形为几何非线性的前提下,研究了约束方式、胶层厚度及搭接长度对接头热应力分布的不同影响.结果表明,峰值热应力出现在搭接区边缘;当约束方式使胶层发生较大转动时,胶层处于高应力水平;随胶层厚度的增加,热应力降低且在胶层中分布更趋于均匀;搭接长度对热应力的影响因接头所受约束方式的不同,呈现不同的规律.     

Finite element formulation for dynamics of planar flexible multi-beam system

In some previous geometric nonlinear finite element formulations, due to the use of axial displacement, the contribution of all the elements lying between the reference node of zero axial displacement and the element to the foreshortening effect should be taken into account. In this paper, a finite element formulation is proposed based on geometric nonlinear elastic theory and finite element technique. The coupling deformation terms of an arbitrary point only relate to the nodal coordinates of the element at which the point is located. Based on Hamilton principle, dynamic equations of elastic beams undergoing large overall motions are derived. To investigate the effect of coupling deformation terms on system dynamic characters and reduce the dynamic equations, a complete dynamic model and three reduced models of hub-beam are prospected. When the Cartesian deformation coordinates are adopted, the results indicate that the terms related to the coupling deformation in the inertia forces of dynamic equations have small effect on system dynamic behavior and may be neglected, whereas the terms related to coupling deformation in the elastic forces are important for system dynamic behavior and should be considered in dynamic equation. Numerical examples of the rotating beam and flexible beam system are carried out to demonstrate the accuracy and validity of this dynamic model. Furthermore, it is shown that a small number of finite elements are needed to obtain a stable solution using the present coupling finite element formulation.     

Optimization of dynamic response using a monolithic-time formulation

The design of systems for dynamic response may involve constraints that need to be satisfied over an entire time interval or objective functions evaluated over the interval. Efficiently performing the constrained optimization is challenging, since the typical response is implicitly linked to the design variables through a numerical integration of the governing differential equations. Evaluating constraints is costly, as is the determination of sensitivities to variations in the design variables. In this paper, we investigate the application of a temporal spectral element method to the optimization of transient and time-periodic responses of fundamental engineering systems. Through the spectral discretization, the response is computed globally, thereby enabling a more explicit connection between the response and design variables and facilitating the efficient computation of response sensitivities. Furthermore, the response is captured in a higher order manner to increase analysis accuracy. Two applications of the coupling of dynamic response optimization with the temporal spectral element method are demonstrated. The first application, a one-degree-of-freedom, linear, impact absorber, is selected from the auto industry, and tests the ability of the method to treat transient constraints over a large-time interval. The second application, a related mass-spring-damper system, shows how the method can be used to obtain work and amplitude optimal time-periodic control force subject to constraints over a periodic time interval. This research was performed while the first author held a National Research Council Research Associateship Award at the Air Force Research Laboratory. An early version of this paper was presented at the 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Jan 7–10, 2008, Reno, Nevada.     

Topology optimization of structures with integral compliant mechanisms for mid-frequency response

The purpose of this paper is to present a method for developing new truss-like sandwich structures that exhibit desirable mid-frequency vibratory characteristics. Specifically, a genetic algorithm optimization routine is used to determine candidate small scale structural topologies, i.e. unit cells, that may be used in the design of larger scale periodic sandwich structures. This multi-scale procedure is demonstrated starting with several unit cell topology optimization examples. From these examples a specific optimal unit cell is selected for further investigation and integration into a periodic sandwich beam. Computational results indicate that the proposed optimization approach is effective when used to design new structures for reduced mid-frequency vibratory response.     

Optimal hole shape for minimum stress concentration using parameterized geometry models

The goal of this work is to obtain optimal hole shape for minimum stress concentration in two-dimensional finite plates using parameterized geometry models. The boundary shape for a hole is described by two families of smooth curves: one is a “generalized circular” function with powers as two parameters; the other one is a “generalized elliptic” function a and b are ellipse axes) with powers as two parameters and one of the ellipse axes as the third parameter. Special attention is devoted to the practicability of parameterized equations and the corresponding optimal results under the condition with and without the curvature radius constraint. A number of cases were examined to test the effectiveness of the parameterized equations. The numerical examples show that extremely good results can be obtained under the conditions with and without curvature radius constraint, as compared to the known solutions in the literature. The geometries of the optimized holes are presented in a form of compact parametric functions, which are suitable for use and test by designers. It is anticipated that the implementation of the suggested parameterized equations would lead to considerable improvements in optimizing hole shape with high quality.     

浅谈手机设计中的符号美学

伴随着技术的不断进步,手机的造型设计也发生着日新月异的变化,但是随着手机的符号语言逐渐发展成熟,其美学标准越来越成为用户选择机型的关键因素。既要继承一贯的手机造型要素语言,又能对其造型要素进行合理的美学规范,即恰当的运用设计美学中的符号学指导未来的手机设计。     

中国传统元素在商业展示设计中的应用

随着当代商品经济的迅速发展,商品的展示设计在商业的竞争和发展中的地位也显得越发突出,它所带来到经济效益也是我们所无法忽视的。中国是当今经济发展速度最快的国家之一,越来越重视商业艺术设计对经济的促进和发展所带来的效果;同时在对其不断的认识和学习中,总结和研究出了适合自身的艺术设计特点,使中国传统文化元素融入到商品的展示中去,达到了市场促销的目的和商品经济的发展,从而使中国的商业艺术快速健康稳步的前进。