线性弹性柔性壳非协调有限元计算模型

本文基于Ciarlet-Lods-Miara定义的柔性壳模型提出一种Galerkin非协调有限元离散格式.首先,对积分区域进行Delaunay三角剖分,并在三角网格上对位移前两个分量用一次Lagrange多项式逼近,对第三个分量(即法向位移)用非协调Morley元逼近.其次,讨论了构造的Galerkin非协调有限元离散格式解的存在性、唯一性和先验误差估计.最后对特殊边界条件下的锥壳采用该方法进行数值实验,计算出不同网格下锥壳的位移,并通过分析数值实验结果证明有限元离散格式的收敛性和有效性.     

Refining constitutive relation by integration of finite element simulations and Gleeble experiments

Thermo-mechanical coupled finite element calculations were carried out to simulate the Gleeble compression of the samples of a titanium alloy (Ti60), and the results are analyzed and compared with the actual compression tests conducted on a Gleeble 3800 thermo-mechanical simulator. The changes in temperature, stress and strain distribution in the samples and the source of error on the constitutive relations from Gleeble hot compression test were analyzed in detail. Both simulations and experiments showed that the temperature distribution in the specimen is not uniform during hot compression, resulting in significant deformation inhomogeneity and non-ignorable error in the flow stress strain relation, invalidating the uniform strain assumption commonly assumed when extracting the constitutive relation from Gleeble tests. Based on the finite element simulations with iterative corrections, we propose a scheme to refine the constitutive relations from Gleeble tests.     

提高阿基米德螺旋相控阵换能器焦点声压的仿真研究

针对阿基米德螺旋相控阵换能器焦点声压不足的问题,通过有限元仿真,分别讨论了换能器阵元形状和频率改变与声场的变化关系,从焦点声压、偏转范围、栅瓣水平、焦域大小等方面进行了研究。结果表明,相同频率下,扇形阵元阿基米德螺旋相控阵换能器的焦点声压比圆形阵元时的焦点声压提高了32.28%,偏转范围为20 mm×20 mm×40 mm;在扇形阵元形状的情况下,频率选择0.9~1.0 MHz,不仅能获得较高的焦点声压,同时还能保证改善聚焦性能。文章的仿真结果为阿基米德螺旋相控阵换能器提高焦点声压,满足深部组织消融治疗需要的高功率要求提供了有用的设计参考。     

双丝三电弧焊热源优化及数值模拟

为研究双丝三电弧焊焊接温度散布规律,根据其电弧形态和脉冲频率建立了适用于双丝三电弧焊接的体+面热源,并根据焊丝的倾角对其进行了旋转计算,利用有限元技术模拟了6 mm厚Q235碳素钢的双丝三电弧焊焊接温度场,通过遗传算法对其热源参数进行了迭代优化,提高了计算效率。计算结果表明：温度场呈长椭圆状分布,且最高温度和最大温度梯度都出现在R弧热源处,其原因是此处同时积累了R弧电弧热量和L弧焊后凝固时的热量;有限元模型温度场与实验温度场结果对比吻合度较高,其结果可为拓展双丝三电弧焊的应用和优化工艺参数提供仿真基础。     

电主轴冷却系统设计与仿真优化

为解决电主轴因内部温度场复杂而造成冷却效果差的问题,设计了一种用于电主轴冷却的水冷机系统。根据电主轴热特性分析结果,提出了水冷机冷却方案,计算了相关的传热参数,并建立了电主轴温度-流速控制模型。然后,利用ANSYS Fluent软件对电主轴进行了流体冷却有限元仿真,并通过电主轴冷却实验对仿真结果进行了验证。通过对比仿真结果和实验结果可知,冷却后电主轴电机定子最高温度约下降了60%,转轴的形变量约降低了70%。结果表明：利用水冷机系统对电主轴进行冷却具有良好的冷却效果,这可为高精密机床主动热控制技术的研究提供一定的借鉴和参考。     

Influence of Heat Input on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Laser Welding GH4169 Bolt Assembly—Numerical and Experimental Analysis

By conducting the numerical and experimental analysis, the influence of heat input on the microstructures and mechanical properties of laser welding GH4169 bolt assembly is systematically investigated. The weld formation, temperature field, and residual stress distribution during laser welding by using the finite element modeling are consistent with experimental results. The numerical simulation results show that the increase of heat input imparts lower residual stresses and higher temperature gradient. During the process of laser welding, the steepest temperature gradient and the peak residual stress arise in the fusion zone (FZ). In addition, the dissolution of γ″ and γ′ toward the fusion line increases in heat affected zone (HAZ), but only Laves phase is observed in FZ. With increasing heat input from 24 to 48 J mm⁻¹, the ultimate tensile strength of welded joints decreases. Both the lowest microhardness values and tensile failure of GH4169 alloy laser welded joint are in FZ. Herein, it is that the relationship among the heat input, microstructures, and mechanical properties of GH4196 bolt assembly in laser welding is systematically established, which will be of guiding significance for the selection of welding parameters in aerospace.     

An element-based formulation for ES-FEM and FS-FEM models for implementation in standard solid mechanics finite element codes for 2D and 3D static analysis

Edge-based and face-based smoothed finite element methods (ES-FEM and FS-FEM, respectively) are modified versions of the finite element method allowing to achieve more accurate results and to reduce sensitivity to mesh distortion, at least for linear elements. These properties make the two methods very attractive. However, their implementation in a standard finite element code is nontrivial because it requires heavy and extensive modifications to the code architecture. In this article, we present an element-based formulation of ES-FEM and FS-FEM methods allowing to implement the two methods in a standard finite element code with no modifications to its architecture. Moreover, the element-based formulation permits to easily manage any type of element, especially in 3D models where, to the best of the authors' knowledge, only tetrahedral elements are used in FS-FEM applications found in the literature. Shape functions for non-simplex 3D elements are proposed in order to apply FS-FEM to any standard finite element.     

Efficient structural reliability analysis via a weak-intrusive stochastic finite element method

This paper presents a novel methodology for structural reliability analysis by means of the stochastic finite element method (SFEM). The key issue of structural reliability analysis is to determine the limit state function and corresponding multidimensional integral that are usually related to the structural stochastic displacement and/or its derivative, e.g., the stress and strain. In this paper, a novel weak-intrusive SFEM is first used to calculate structural stochastic displacements of all spatial positions. In this method, the stochastic displacement is decoupled into a combination of a series of deterministic displacements with random variable coefficients. An iterative algorithm is then given to solve the deterministic displacements and the corresponding random variables. Based on the stochastic displacement obtained by the SFEM, the limit state function described by the stochastic displacement (and/or its derivative) and the corresponding multidimensional integral encountered in reliability analysis can be calculated in a straightforward way. Failure probabilities of all spatial positions can be obtained at once since the stochastic displacements of all spatial points have been known by using the proposed SFEM. Furthermore, the proposed method can be applied to high-dimensional stochastic problems without any modification. One of the most challenging problems encountered in high-dimensional reliability analysis, known as the curse of dimensionality, can be circumvented with great success. Three numerical examples, including low- and high-dimensional reliability analysis, are given to demonstrate the good accuracy and the high efficiency of the proposed method.     

三维复杂域四面体有限单元网格行波法生成

作为水工及岩土工程结构三维自适应有限元分析理论和软件研究的重要组成部分,在行波法的基础上,提出了一种适用于水工及岩土工程结构三维复杂区域的四面体有限单元网格的生成方法．采用了一种插值曲面,很好地考虑了地形面边界;对于多连通域,也通过合适的数据结构给以解决．文中给出了三个算例．     

三峡水电站坝内埋管非线性有限元分析

结合三峡工程实际,对坝内埋管结构进行了非线性有限元分析,着重研究了不同管顶混凝土厚度和配筋对管道结构应力和强度的影响．计算结果表明,增大管顶混凝土厚度,可以明显提高坝内埋管的抗裂安全,确保混凝土大坝的整体稳定性,但是配筋多少对管周混凝土的抗裂能力影响较小．