An evolutionary approach to multiprocessor scheduling of dependent tasks

The scheduling of application tasks is a problem that occurs in all multiprocessor systems. This problem has been shown to be NP-hard if the tasks are not independent but are interrelated by mutual exclusion and precedence constraints.

This paper presents an approach for pre-runtime scheduling of periodic tasks on multiple processors for a real-time system that must meet hard deadlines. The tasks can be related to each other by mutual exclusion and precedence forming an acyclic graph. The proposed scheduler is based on genetic algorithms, which relieves the user from knowing how to construct a solution. Consequently, the paper focuses on the problem encoding, i.e., the representation of the problem by genes and chromosomes, and the derivation of an appropriate fitness function. The main benefit of the approach is that it is scalable to any number of processors and can easily be extended to incorporate further requirements.     

On periodic resource scheduling for continuous-media databases

The Enhanced Pay-Per-View (EPPV) model for providing continuous-media services associates with each continuous-media clip a display frequency that depends on the clip's popularity. The aim is to increase the number of clients that can be serviced concurrently beyond the capacity limitations of available resources, while guaranteeing a constraint on the response time. This is achieved by sharing periodic continuous-media streams among multiple clients. The EPPV model offers a number of advantages over other data-sharing schemes (e.g., batching), which make it more attractive to large-scale service providers. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study of the resource-scheduling problems associated with supporting EPPV for continuous-media clips with (possibly) different display rates, frequencies, and lengths. Our main objective is to maximize the amount of disk bandwidth that is effectively scheduled under the given data layout and storage constraints. Our formulation gives rise to -hard combinatorial optimization problems that fall within the realm of hard real-time scheduling theory. Given the intractability of the problems, we propose novel heuristic solutions with polynomial-time complexity. We also present preliminary experimental results for the average case behavior of the proposed scheduling schemes and examine how they compare to each other under different workloads. A major contribution of our work is the introduction of a robust scheduling framework that, we believe, can provide solutions for a variety of realistic EPPV resource-scheduling scenarios, as well as any scheduling problem involving regular, periodic use of a shared resource. Based on this framework, we propose various interesting research directions for extending the results presented in this paper. Received June 9, 1998 / Accepted October 13, 1998     

Design and evaluation of a multimedia storage server for mixed traffic

The relative simplicity of access to digital communications nowadays and the simultaneous increase in the available bandwidth are leading to the definition of new telematic services, mainly oriented towards multimedia applications and interactivity with the user. In the near future, a decisive role will be played in this scenario by the providers of interactive multimedia services of the on-demand type, which will guarantee the end user a high degree of flexibility, speed and efficiency. In this paper, some of the technical aspects regarding these service providers are dealt with, paying particular attention to the problems of storing information and managing service requests. More specifically, the paper presents and evaluates a new storage technique based on the use of disk array technology, which can manage both typical multimedia connections and traditional requests. The proposed architecture is based on the joint use of the partial dynamic declustering and the information dispersal algorithm, which are employed for the allocation and retrieval of the data stored on the disk array. We also define efficient strategies for request management in such a way as to meet the time constraints imposed by multimedia sessions and guarantee good response times for the rest of the traffic. The system proposed is then analyzed using a simulation approach.     

具有约束条件的单机JIT调度问题

具有约束条件的单机ＪＩＴ调度问题齐向彤陈秋双涂生（南开大学计算机与系统科学系天津３０００７１）关键词Ｅ／Ｔ调度，优化，分支定界法．１）国家“八六三”ＣＩＭＳ主题和国家自然科学基金资助课题．收稿日期１９９５－０９－１８１引言近年来，随着Ｊｕｓｔ－ｉｎ...     

考虑水头影响的梯级水电系统优化调度算法研究

提出一种基于Ｌａｇｒａｎｇｉａｎ松驰技术的梯级水电系统优化调度算法，能够综合处理离散运行区间、最小启停机时间等离散约束、水库间的水力耦合网络约束以及水头影响。基于实际系统数据的数值验证表明了本算法的有效性和实用性。     

基于多环面向对象着色Petri网的装配调度研究

采用多环面向对象着色Ｐｅｔｒｉ网（ＴＯＯＣＰＮＭ）同启发式算法相结合的方法，研究装配系统的调度问题。先用ＴＯＯＣＰＮＭ来表述系统的调度问题，然后生成并搜索网的部分可达图，以变迁发生顺序的方式给出一个最优或次优的可行调度。由于给出的是一个可行的调度，系统潜在的死锁可以自然得到避免，因此对模型或系统的活性分析可以省略。     

On a batch arrival Poisson queue with a random setup time and vacation period

The single server queue with vacation has been extended to include several types of extensions and generalisations, to which attention has been paid by several researchers (e.g. see Doshi, B. T., Single server queues with vacations — a servey. Queueing Systems, 1986, 1, 29–66; Takagi, H., Queueing Analysis: A Foundation of Performance evaluation, Vol. 1, Vacation and Priority systems, Part. 1. North Holland, Amsterdam, 1991; Medhi, J., Extensions and generalizations of the classical single server queueing system with Poisson input. J. Ass. Sci. Soc., 1994, 36, 35–41, etc.). The interest in such types of queues have been further enhanced in resent years because of their theoretical structures as well as their application in many real life situations such as computer, telecommunication, airline scheduling as well as production/inventory systems. This paper concerns the model building of such a production/inventory system, where machine undergoes extra operation (such as machine repair, preventive maintenance, gearing up machinery, etc.) before the processing of raw material is to be started. To be realistic, we also assume that raw materials arrive in batch. This production system can be formulated as an M^x/M/1 queues with a setup time. Further, from the utility point of view of idle time this model can also be formulated as a case of multiple vacation model, where vacation begins at the end of each busy period. Besides, the production/inventory systems, such a model is generally fitted to airline scheduling problems also. In this paper an attempt has been made to study the steady state behavior of such an M^x/M/1 queueing system with a view to provide some system performance measures, which lead to remarkable simplification when solving other similar types of queueing models.This paper deals with the steady state behaviour of a single server batch arrival Poisson queue with a random setup time and a vacation period. The service of the first customer in each busy period is preceded by a random setup period, on completion of which service starts. As soon as the system becomes empty the server goes on vacation for a random length of time. On return from vacation, if he finds customer(s) waiting, the server starts servicing the first customer in the queue. Otherwise it takes another vacation and so on. We study the steady state behaviour of the queue size distribution at random (stationary) point of time as well as at departure point of time and try to show that departure point queue size distribution can be decomposed into three independent random variables, one of which is the queue size of the standard M^x/M/1 queue. The interpretation of the other two random variables will also be provided. Further, we derive analytically explicit expressions for the system state (number of customers in the system) probabilities and provide their appropriate interpretations. Also, we derive some system performance measures. Finally, we develop a procedure to find mean waiting time of an arbitrary customer.     

万家寨大坝变形监测改造设计

介绍了万家寨水库大坝变形监测改造项目的设置、变形监测改造的思路及过程、自动化监测系统的设计等。改造后的变形监测子系统形成完整统一的系统。     

五强溪水电站混流式机组不稳定现象的分析和处理

本文介绍了五强溪水电站机组的运行稳定性,分析了引起振动的原因,并阐述了改进措施及改善效果.改变混流式水轮机泄水锥的结构,可以降低尾水管压力脉动值.     

基于任务复制的处理器预分配算法

基于任务复制的调度算法比无任务复制的调度算法具有较好的性能．文章在分析了基于任务复制的几个典型算法(如TDS，OSA等算法)及其假设条件后，提出了以使调度长度最短作为主要目标、减少处理机数目作为次要目标的处理器预分配算法PPA．该算法对任务计算时间与任务间通信时间未做任何限制(即不考虑任务粒度)．通过与相关工作的比较可以看出：PPA算法在调度长度与处理器使用数目上均优于其它算法或与其它算法相当，同时，该算法具有与TDS，OSA相同的时间复杂度．这对嵌入式实时分布系统具有重要的意义。