静压支承技术在海水淡化旋转式能量回收装置中的应用

海水淡化旋转式能量回收装置（RERD）高、低压流体间的泄漏主要在转子与端盘的配合间隙中发生，这种泄漏直接影响到装置的能量回收效率水平。本文通过在平面端盘上引入阻尼孔和静压支承槽，构建了静压支承端盘方案，将静压支承技术应用到自主开发的电驱RERD装置中，以解决其运行过程中泄漏量大、能量回收效率低等问题。在转子与上、下端盘配合总间隙为0.04mm、转子转速为500r/min的条件下，RERD分别使用平面端盘和静压支承端盘进行对比实验研究。结果表明，在操作压力为4.5MPa和处理量为13m³/h的工况下，与平面端盘相比，采用1^#静压支承端盘（静压支承槽槽宽为2.0mm）时，装置的泄漏量从0.45m³/h减小至0.28m³/h，能量回收效率从91.3%提升至92.7%。采用2^#静压支承端盘（静压支承槽槽宽为3.0mm）的RERD在相同工况下，装置的泄漏量可降低至0.11m³/h，能量回收效率提升到95.0%。上述研究显示静压支承技术对于减小RERD装置泄漏量、提高装置效率具有显著的效果，对RERD装置密封结构设计与优化具有指导意义。     

Settling velocities of particles in bubbly gas-liquid mixtures

The axial dispersion-sedimentation model is commonly used to describe the axial concentrations of solids in three phase bubble columns at low liquid velocities. When the two parameters of this model, the particle settling velocity and the solids axial dispersion coefficient, are uncoupled by the use of various assumptions, physically unrealistic values of these parameters often result. Direct experimental measurements of solids settling rates in bubbly gas-liquid mixtures were carried out. The measured mean settling velocities decreased slightly with gas flow rate and were equal to or slightly less than the single particle free settling velocity in the liquid alone. Solids axial dispersion coefficients were also obtained from the solids settling rate distribution data, and gave values considerably less than the experimental liquid axial dispersion coefficient.     

Study on Steering Control Strategy for High-Speed Tracked Vehicle with Hydrostatic Drive

Steering control strategy for high-speed tracked vehicle with hydrostatic drive is designed based on analyzing the fundamental steering theories of the hydrostatic drive tracked vehicle. The strategy is completed by the cooperation between integrated steering control unit and pump & motor displacement controller. The steering simulation is conducted by using Simulink of Matlab. It is indicated that this steering control strategy can reduce the average vehicle speed automatically to achieve the drivers expected steering radius exactly in the case of ensuring not exceeding the system pressure threshold and no sideslip.     

A Sedimentation-Dispersion Model for both Non-attached and Attached Particles in Three-Phase Batchwise Fluidized Beds

The axial concentration distribution of both particles with better wetting (forming non-attached system) and poorer wetting (forming attached system) was investigated in a vertical gas-liquid-solid fluidized bed of 4.2 cm in diameter and 130 cm in height with the solids holdup less than 0.05. The one-dimensional sedimentation-dispersion model could be used satisfactorily to describe the axial distribution of solids holdup by modifying only a model parameter, i.e. by means of the terminal settling velocity minus a certain value, which is a function of gas velocity and considers the effect of an additional drag force resulted from attached rising bubbles. The axial profiles of solid concentration predicted are in good agreement with experimental results. This model also explains reasonably the different axial distributions of solid concentration, i.e. the solids holdup decreases as the axial height increases in non-attached system, but increases with the axial height in attached system at a given gas veloc     

河湖淤泥絮凝沉降特性试验研究

絮凝沉降性能是河湖疏浚淤泥资源化处理中重要且未完善的研究课题。以武汉沙湖、官桥湖及南湖3种淤泥为研究对象,通过沉降筒试验,利用清浑交界面沉降速度和上清液浊度研究了粒径分布、初始含沙量及高分子聚合物对河湖淤泥絮凝沉降特性的影响规律,并探讨了沉降筒尺寸对试验结果的影响。试验结果表明:河湖淤泥粒径越小,淤泥絮凝沉降越慢,上清液浊度越小;随初始含沙量的增加,河湖淤泥整体沉降速度变小,但当初始含沙量增加到一定值后,初始含沙量的影响作用开始变弱;高分子聚合物会促进河湖淤泥絮凝沉降;沉降筒尺寸虽然对试验结果略有影响,但对于分析河湖淤泥絮凝沉降特性无较大影响。研究河湖淤泥絮凝沉降特性对于河湖通航、蓄洪、水质修复、疏浚淤泥的处理均有重要意义。     

静态温度分层水体中点源羽流云团垂向运动规律

为了解水温分层型水库中瞬时点源污染物的运动规律,通过物理试验研究了点源羽流云团在静态温度分层水体中的垂向运动规律。试验结果表明:不同水温结构水体中,羽流云团的运动规律有着显著差异;线性分层水体中,云团沉降时横向扩散受到一定限制;有温跃层存在的水体中,云团会在温跃层位置停滞,由于云团与环境水体密度之间的差异,可能出现Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定或双扩散对流,并出现指状侵入;云团垂向沉速与所受浮力正相关,与云团前锋位置和浮力频率负相关。     

摇蚊幼虫对活性污泥沉降性能的影响及机理

为了利用摇蚊幼虫改善活性污泥的沉降性能,以摇蚊幼虫为研究对象,考查其对污泥沉降性能改善作用的影响因素并探究改善机理.结果表明:投加摇蚊幼虫可以在短时间内明显改善污泥的沉降性能.在投加幼虫密度为每克干污泥中含0.2~1.2 g湿质量摇蚊幼虫时,污泥沉降性能改善效果随虫密度增加而增加.在相同虫密度(每克干污泥中含1.0 g湿质量摇蚊幼虫)的情况下,摇蚊幼虫对污泥质量浓度为5 g/L的活性污泥改善效果最佳.而摇蚊幼虫对污泥沉降性的改善作用与投加摇蚊幼虫后活性污泥2种主要胞外聚合物(蛋白质、多糖)含量以及蛋白质与多糖比值的降低有关.另外,长期试验证实,向污水处理反应器中连续回流摇蚊幼虫培养装置上清液可以使污泥容积指数由120 mL/g降至60 mg/L.     

速度滑移对液静压轴承油膜微流动影响敏感度

为了使液体静压轴承油膜性能的研究更加准确,基于计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics,CFD)和有限差分方法,研究了液体静压轴承间隙油膜微流动的速度滑移现象及其对轴承性能的影响,并定义敏感度物理量对影响程度进行评估.在传统油膜流动假设条件基础上,引入Navier速度滑移边界条件对传统的Reynolds方程进行修正,通过有限元差分方法求解修正后的Reynolds方程,采用梯形积分公式求解轴承承载力等性能参数,对速度滑移影响的轴承性能的敏感度做出定量和定性分析.研究结果表明:油膜压力分布、轴承的承载力、动刚度及油腔流量等轴承性能对速度滑移都有一定的敏感性.最大油腔压力随滑移系数的增加而减小;速度滑移在一定程度上提高了轴承承载能力和油腔流量,但同时降低了轴承动刚度,流量对速度滑移的敏感度最大达到100%.     

Zr基非晶合金在过冷液相区静液挤压的变形行为及结构

研究了Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5非晶合金在过冷液相区内静液挤压的变形行为以及结构变化。结果表明:非晶合金在高应变速率下产生了明显的塑性变形,直径从16 mm变为12 mm,断裂为4段,且样品断口上随机分布着充分发展与未充分发展的脉纹式切变带,由此可看出非晶合金的变形为非牛顿体变形行为;挤压后的样品约有3%的非晶相发生晶化,在非晶基体上析出10~20 nm的纳米晶粒,导致挤压后非晶合金的热稳定性降低;静液挤压高应变速率变形条件使非晶合金产生非均匀流变,是造成非晶合金断裂的主要原因。     

静水压力对粉末多孔材料等径角挤压过程的影响

等径角挤压是获得块体超细晶材料的一种重要方法.针对纯铝粉末多孔材料,采用可压缩刚塑性有限元法对其等径角挤压过程进行数值模拟,并着重分析了静水压力对挤压效果的影响.研究结果表明,等径角挤压具有强烈的致密效果,增加变形体内部的静水压力不仅可以增加试件的变形能力,而且利于提高变形过程中材料的致密速度和获得高致密度的试件.