基于MIKE Flood的中小河流溃堤洪水演进数值模拟

针对水文资料缺乏的中小河流,以贵溪市罗塘河下游段为例,应用MIKE软件对河流溃堤洪水演进进行了研究。采用瞬时单位线法推求断面各频率的设计洪水,并将其作为洪水演进模型的输入;利用MIKE软件建立了贵溪市罗塘河下游段的一、二维耦合水动力模型,对该河下游段溃堤洪水演进过程进行了模拟;通过模拟分析,得到了溃口流量过程和堤防保护区洪水淹没过程。研究成果可为中小河流洪水风险分析和灾害损失评估提供技术支撑。     

杭州市城西地区洪水出路研究

杭州市城西地区地势低洼,上承山水,下受杭嘉湖平原河流水位顶托,为易受洪涝灾害地区。以抵挡2007年"罗莎"台风洪水为目标,根据城西地区水系分布、城市布局,初步提出了洪水外排、湿地调蓄、建圩挡水的排涝布局及10种洪水出路方案。对10个方案从水位、水量、工程投资、对周边地区影响、政策处理等方面进行比较,最终提出以建设西溪湿地至钱塘江的地下排水通道、西溪湿地内部调蓄、分区建圩的组合方案为推荐方案。经分析认为,推荐方案可有效减轻杭州市城西地区的洪涝问题。     

“2016·7”清江流域洪水调度方案分析

2016年7月,清江流域发生了特大洪水,湖北省防汛抗旱指挥部认真研究、贯彻、落实防洪决策部署,把保障人民群众生命财产安全放在首位,反应迅速、调度灵活。经过对汛情进行研究分析,制定出了相应的措施,即采取预泄腾库迎洪、汛中错峰拦洪、汛末适时收水等,取得了清江特大洪水防御的阶段性胜利。对"2016·7"清江洪水调度方案及措施的制定、落实情况进行了总结分析,可为今后清江流域防洪调度工作提供借鉴与参考。     

降雨量空间分布对山洪临界雨量的影响

山洪临界雨量是山洪灾害预报预警的重要基础,受降雨、土壤含水量以及下垫面的影响,其中降雨量空间分布是重要的影响因素之一。以湖北省崇阳县高堤河流域为例,采用HEC-HMS分布式水文模型计算设计洪水,试算法计算临界雨量,提出了降雨量空间分布系数,分析了降雨量空间分布系数与临界雨量的关系,探讨了降雨空间分布对临界雨量的影响。结果表明:当降雨从上游到下游逐渐减少时,达到相同成灾流量对应的临界雨量最大,暴雨中心在下游时临界雨量最小,说明降雨量空间分布对临界雨量影响显著。由分析可知,在山洪灾害预警实践中应根据实际的降雨空间分布对预警指标适当修正,对山洪进行动态雨量预警。     

数字城市框架下的水利资源管理系统研究

针对当前水利系统多以信息收集整理和资料汇总为主,可视化分析和决策支持功能不足,资源不易共享的现状,以地理信息系统技术为研究手段,以数字城市框架建设为依托,探讨并开发水利资源管理系统,集成电子地图查询浏览、水利基础地理信息管理、水利设施管理、地下水监测、水文分析和淹没分析等一系列功能,为城市水利信息现代化建设奠定基础。简要探讨了系统主要内容、总体架构、核心功能及应用效果。     

LED激发叶绿素荧光探测仪的设计研究

对蓝光激发叶绿素的荧光光谱进行了分析,讨论了叶绿素荧光光谱的来源,采用调制式470nm绿光LED激发叶绿素,制成叶绿素荧光光谱仪,线性范围0—100μg／L,检出限0．1μg／L,该方法快速、灵敏、有很好的特异性．     

Integrated reliability or travel time and capacity or urban road network under ice and snowfall conditions

In order to evaluate and integrate travel time reliability and capacity reliability of a road network subjected to ice and snowfall conditions, the conceptions of travel time reliability and capacity reliability were defined under special conditions. The link travel time model (ice and snowfall based-bureau public road, ISB-BPR) and the path choice decision model (elastic demand user equilibrium, EDUE) were proposed. The integrated reliability was defined and the model was set up. Monte Carlo simulation was used to calculate the model and a numerical example was provided to demonstrate the application of the model and efficiency of the solution algorithm. The results show that the intensity of ice and snowfall, the traffic demand and supply, and the requirements for level of service (LOS) have great influence on the reliability of a road network. For example, the reliability drops from 65% to 5% when the traffic demand increases by 30%. The comprehensive performance index may be used for network planning, design and maintenance.     

Effect of variation in gas distribution on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines

In order to investigate the effect of variation in the distribution of gas on explosion propagation characteristics in coal mines, experiments were carried out in two different channels with variation in gas concentration and geometry. Flame and pressure transducers were used to track the explosion front velocity. The flame speed (Sf) showed a slight downward trend while the methane concentration varied from 10% to 3% in the experimental channel. The peak overpressure (Pmax) dropped dramatically when com-pared with normal conditions. As well, the values of Pmax and Sf decreased when the methane concentration dropped from 8% to 6%. The flame speed in the channel, connected to a cylinder with a length varying from 0.5 to 2 m, was greater than that in the normal channel. The peak overpressure was also higher than that under normal conditions because of a higher flame speed and stronger pressure piling up. The values of Pmax and Sf increased with an increase in cylinder length. The research results indicate that damage caused by explosions can be reduced by decreasing the gas concentration, which should be immediately detected in roadways with large cross-sections because of the possibility of greater destruction caused by more serious explosions.     

Establishmen and vertification of an improved similitude law for dynamic ice force model test

To study the similitude laws for dynamic ice force model test which is a hot problem in ice mechanics.In this paper,a new modified similitude law for dynamic ice force model test is proposed based on ice-induced virbration theory and two reasonable assumptions.And the new law is vertified with an ice-induced pier virbration example.The numerical calculation results show that,firstly,the error of frequency factor between test value and theory value is small as well as that of displacement and velocity;Secondly,the time scale completely meet the similitude relation,the waveforms anastomotic well,and the phenomenon of offset and omit do not occur;Thirdly,as the damping ratio between prototype and model is nearly equal,the improved similitude law will still be applied.Therefore,the new modified similitude law is feasible to study dynamic ice force model test and can provide reference for the ice mechanics.     

Compressibility of fine-grained soils subjected to closed-system freezing and thaw consolidation

In order to investigate the effects of freezing and thawing on the compressibility of fine-grained soils, freezing and thawing tests and subsequent compression tests with fine-grained soils in an oedometer were carried out. During the freezing, a part of the soils is loosened and another part is over-consolidated under the freezing pressure ?E. The compression curves after the freezing and thaw consolidation are neither different from the normal consolidation curve nor from the rebound curve of an unfrozen soil, until the consolidation pressure ?z = ?E is arrived. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model has been developed to predict the frost heaves, the thaw-settlements and the compressive deformations of fine-grained soils after the thaw consolidation. The theoretical results are very close to the experimental results.