Characterization of dilute and dense phase vertical upflow gas-solid transport based on average concentration and velocity data

Dilute, ‘dense phase 1’, and possibly a third regime-‘dense phase 2’, were observed in a vertical 0.02 m diameter pneumatic conveyor using 210 μm sand particles. The transitions were marked by the alterations in the trend of the measured average solids hold-up while varying the solids mass flowrate at constant air velocity. Hydrodynamic characteristics together with the transition criteria for the various transport modes were established. A novel regime diagram based on average gas velocities and solids mass flowrates was developed to identify the operating conditions for these regimes, as well as the limiting solids carrying capacities of the present conveyor. A probable cause of the dilute to dense phase transition is speculated upon.     

气—液鼓泡塔中流动域和气含率的分布

利用压力传感器测定了气、液两相鼓泡塔内不同轴、径向位置上压强的脉动信号,分析了压强的脉动特征,计算了各种操作条件下塔内不同轴向位置截面上的平均气含率,发现在不同操作条件下,塔内可能出现不同的流动域分布,即全塔均匀鼓泡域、全塔过渡域、全塔湍动鼓泡域以及均匀鼓泡域,过渡域和湍动鼓泡域中的相邻2种或3种流域同时出现在塔内不同高度上。提出了不同轴向位置流域转变的判据。并发现,同一截面的不同径向位置基本处于同一流域内。同时研究了鼓泡塔内气含率在轴向上的分布规律,给出了不同流动域内气含率的关系式。     

基于互信息的湖泊日水位预测——以西洞庭湖为例

鉴于传统的湖泊水位预测在输入因子选择时具有一定的盲目性,以西洞庭湖为例,利用基于互信息的输入因子选择法建立了日水位预测模型。按河流生态功能将水文年划分为枯水期、汛前涨水期、汛期、汛后退水期4个时期,然后分期计算影响湖泊日水位的自变量与日水位的互信息,并引入广义相关系数将互信息归一化,选出各时期互信息最大的自变量因子作为模型的输入变量。经过模型计算与数据分析可得:F检验结果显著,回归值与实测值的相关度高,剩余标准差小。由此证明用互信息筛选出的因子作为模型的输入变量能取得较好的精度并在实际中易于操作。     

邻苯二甲酸酐的生产与市场

2005年全球邻苯二甲酸酐(PA)的生产能力约为450万t/a,需求量可达到350万~360万t,用于增塑剂占57%、醇酸树脂占17%、不饱和聚酯树脂占17%。未来5年全球PA需求将以年均3.0%~3.5%的速率增长,其中亚太地区将继续引领全球PA市场快速增长,其年均增速将达到4.0%~4.5%,美国仅以1.5%~2.0%的速率增长,西欧仅以1.0%的速率增长。我国产能和产量快速增长,2004年国内生产能力约为864 kt/a,消费量约为873 kt,用于邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂约占总消耗的60%,醇酸树脂约占22%,不饱和聚酯树脂占10%。     

聚碳酸酯的生产和市场分析

分析了国内外聚碳酸酯(PC)的生产现状,包括已有、在建及计划建设的装置产能,并预测了今后生产和需求的发展趋势;展示了国内PC工业化技术的开发现状。2002年全球PC产能约为200万t/a,预计到2006年产能将增加到250万t/a,需求将达到300万t,并且在光学介质和汽车行业将会表现出强劲的扩张性需求。我国2002年PC进口量超过40万t,预计今后几年国内需求增长速度仍较快。建议国内企业应加大科研投入,加速我国PC工业的发展。     

滑坡面位移特征及其应用

论述了滑坡坡面位移特征，提出了根据坡面位移矢量确定滑坡滑动面、预报滑坡发生时间的原理和方法。     

我国乙烯原料市场供需分析

阐述了乙烯原料的世界与我国市场，对未来我国乙烯原料的需求与供应进行了预测。     

Flow Regime Maps for Flow of Liquid Through Downcomer in a Turbulent Bed Contactor

The provision of a downcomer to classical turbulent bed Contactor (TBC) increases the gas treating capacity of the equipment. When the downcomer is provided, it is expected that all the liquid passes through the downcomer only without any liquid flow through the distributor. In the present study, the operational regime for the flow of liquid only through the downcomer is experimentally evaluated for various geometric parameters and particle characteristics. It is observed that the preferred operational regime without dumping and weeping increases with an increase in Archimedes number and downcomer diameter, and decreases with an increase in static bed height and downcomer weir height. Correlations are proposed to satisfactorily predict experimentally observed operational regime.     

Effect of advanced chilling methods on lipid damage during sardine (Sardina pilchardus) storage

Slurry ice is a biphasic system consisting of small spherical ice crystals surrounded by seawater at subzero temperature. Its effect on lipid damage (hydrolysis and oxidation) was evaluated during the chilled storage of a fatty fish species, sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Slurry ice treatment was checked alone and in combination with ozone and compared to traditional flake icing during a 22‐day storage. Different lipid damage indices (free fatty acids, FFA; peroxide value, PV; thiobarbituric acid index, TBA‐i; fluorescent compounds, FR) were checked and compared to sensory assessment and nucleotide degradation (K value). According to lipid hydrolysis (FFA) and oxidation (PV and FR) developments, slurry ice showed an inhibitory effect (p <0.05) on lipid damage during storage, as well as an inhibition of nucleotide autolytic degradation. Ozonised slurry ice did not provide differences (p >0.05) from slurry ice alone when considering lipid hydrolysis, nucleotide degradation and some lipid oxidation indices (PV and FR), although a higher (p <0.05) TBA‐i was observed at day 22 of storage when compared to flake ice and slurry ice treatments. However, a lower (p <0.05) fluorescence development was observed for fish treated under ozonised slurry ice when compared to traditionally iced fish. Sensory assessment showed a higher shelf life for fish samples treated under ozonised slurry ice than for their counterparts under slurry ice (15 d versus 12 d), while flake icing led to a far shorter shelf life (5 d). According to sensory and biochemical (lipid matter and nucleotide) analysis, slurry ice has proved to be a promising technology for damage inhibition and quality retention in a fatty fish species such as sardine. Ozonised slurry ice was also shown to be useful, since a longer shelf life was obtained in the present experiment and a pro‐oxidant effect of ozone on sardine lipids was not proved.     

热媒炉热效率分析与提高

分析了影响热媒炉热效率的主要因素 ,介绍了通过对热媒炉盘管干冰除灰和改进风油比控制方式来提高热效率的方法 ,指出提高热媒炉热效率的主要途径是 :降低排烟温度和空气过剩系数。