Flow regime, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge properties in activated sludge bubble column, air-lift and aerated stirred reactors

This paper presents a comparative study how reactor configuration, sludge loading and air flowrate affect flow regimes, hydrodynamics, floc size distribution and sludge solids-liquid separation properties. Three reactor configurations were studied in bench scale activated sludge bubble column reactor (BCR), air-lift reactor (ALR) and aerated stirred reactor (ASR). The ASR demonstrated the highest capacity of gas holdup and resistance, and homogeneity in flow regimes and shearing forces, resulting in producing large numbers of small and compact flocs. The fluid dynamics in the ALR created regularly directed recirculation forces to enhance the gas holdup and sludge flocculation. The BCR distributed a high turbulent flow regime and non-homogeneity in gas holdup and mixing, and generated large numbers of larger and looser flocs. The sludge size distributions, compressibility and settleability were significantly influenced by the reactor configurations associated with the flow regimes and hydrodynamics.     

基于k-最近邻筛选的BMA集合预报模型研究

针对冗余训练样本会降低BMA参数求解效率与精度问题,本文提出在BMA运算之前采用k-最近邻(k-nearest neighbor)算法筛选有价值训练样本,并用于BMA参数求解的改进模型。模拟试验在淮河王家坝站进行,分别以k-最近邻筛选、不筛选两种方案为BMA提供训练样本,统计分析两种方案中王家坝站流量模拟结果,评价BMA改进法的性能。模拟结果显示,采用k-最近邻样本筛选方法后,BMA模型对洪水过程以及洪峰的预报精度提升明显;概率预报结果的离散程度降低的同时,可靠性程度获得提升。k-最近邻样本筛选方法的引入,能够有效去除BMA模型训练样本中的冗余数据,以少量的样本获得更可靠的模型参数,改善集合预报性能。     

波浪对渤海近岸海冰冲击作用的数值模拟

海冰在波浪冲击作用下可能会发生断裂,通过数值模拟定量地描述波浪引起的海冰断裂对海工结构的运行安全以及分析海冰断裂处海水与大气之间的热交换有重要作用。该文利用建立的三维数值波浪水池,将海冰视为刚性平板,结合渤海冬季海冰、波浪的相关参数,研究海冰受波浪冲击的垂向冲击力、水平冲击力、弯矩和最大弯曲正应力随波高、冰长及冰厚的变化规律;并结合渤海海冰的弯曲强度,推断海冰发生断裂的极限参数,结果表明:在渤海海域某些特定条件下,海冰断裂极限波高、冰长和最小冰厚分别为0.504 m、4.273 m和0.098 m。     

2016年长江第1号洪水预报及调度影响分析

通过分析2016长江第1号洪水的水雨情发展、洪水组成、水情预报、调度还原计算成果等,解析了该场洪水的暴雨洪水特性、预报对调度的支撑作用以及三峡水库调度对城陵矶河段水位的影响。分析表明：金沙江、乌江来水对第1号洪水起筑底作用,三峡区间洪水则为该场洪水造峰,三者最大1d洪量占三峡入库来水比率分别达26.1%,15.6%,38.1%;第1号洪水期间,水情预报为调度决策提供了长预见期、较高精度的前提支撑,78,54,30,6 h预见期的三峡入库洪峰预报误差分别仅为-20.0%,-10.0%,-4.0%,0;三峡水库在第1号洪水期间通过防洪调度将入库洪峰流量削峰38%,最大拦蓄洪量约29亿m3,削减莲花塘站洪峰水位0.39 m左右,避免了城陵矶河段出现超保证水位。     

基于KPCA-PSO-SVM的径流预测研究

为提高径流预测模型的准确性与稳定性,对KPCA-PSO-SVM的径流预测方法进行了研究。在分析径流影响因素的基础上,利用核主成分分析(KPCA)法对径流影响因子进行非线性特征提取,获得主成分作为支持向量机(SVM)的输入变量,建立了径流预测SVM模型,其中模型参数通过粒子群算法(PSO)进行优化。模型建立后,以新疆伊犁河雅马渡站中长期径流预测为例进行分析。预测分析结果表明,在拟合和检验阶段模型的平均相对误差分别为0.77%和7.64%,与其他预测模型比较,基于KPCA-PSO-SVM方法建立的径流预测模型有较好的预测和泛化能力,是一种行之有效的中长期径流预测方法。     

Fluidization with hot compressed water in micro-reactors

In this paper the concept of micro-fluidized beds is introduced. A cylindrical quartz reactor with an internal diameter of only 1 mm is used for process conditions up to and 244 bar. In this way, fast, safe, and inherently cheap experimentation is provided. The process that prompted the present work on miniaturization is gasification of biomass and waste streams in hot compressed water (SCWG). Therefore, water is used as fluidizing agent. Properties of the micro-fluid bed such as the minimum fluidization velocity (U_mf), the minimum bubbling velocity (U_mb), bed expansion, and identification of the fluidization regime are investigated by visual inspection. It is shown that the micro-fluid bed requires a minimum of twelve particles per reactor diameter in order to mimic homogeneous fluidization at large scale. It is not possible to create bubbling fluidization in the cylindrical micro-fluid beds used. Instead, slugging fluidization is observed for aggregative conditions. Conical shaped micro-reactors are proposed for improved simulation of the bubbling regime. Measured values of U_mf and U_mb are compared with predictions of dedicated 2D and 3D discrete particle models (DPM) and (semi)-empirical relations. The agreement between the measurements and the model predictions is good and the model supports the concept and development of micro-fluid beds.     

C#利用Web Service编程接口实现动态天气预报

许多政府或企业网站除展示与本单位密切相关的信息外,往往也集成一些小的功能性的、与用户日常生活密切相关的,类似于提供火车时刻表、天气预报等辅助信息,采用C#利用Web Service提供的编程接口实现了实时天气预报功能,并能根据访问者所在地自动提供其相关的天气信息。     

化学纤维的今日与未来

对世界范围内纺织纤维的需求发展进行了定性和定量的分析,说明将来很有必要提高化纤生产和为进一步扩大化纤生产提供多种多样的可能性,这也涉及原料供应。化纤生产不仅要满足人们对纺织品不断增长的需要,而且也要考虑到纺织品生产中技术发展和为新的应用领域服务,为此要进行多种多样的市场导向研究工作和开发工作,使常规纤维供应扩大,同时也导致取决于市场需求的特种纤维的发展。     

贵州省磷化工现状及发展前景

阐述贵州磷资源、煤炭、电力基本情况及在全国的地位和我省发展磷化工的重要意义。介绍我省磷化工生产现状、生产能力、实际产量、产品出口等情况。对世界磷化工产品市场需求，我国和我省的磷化工到2000年的发展情况，达到的目标进行初步援测和构想，并对我省磷化工发展对策进行探讨，提出几点建设性意见。     

Mixing in the transition flow regime with helical ribbon agitators

The effects of the non-Newtonian properties on the effective deformation rate, mixing and circulation times and flow behaviour have been investigated in the transition flow regime of mixing systems. Based on the equivalent Couette flow, three models are proposed and are shown to predict similar and drastic increases of the effective deformation rate with the impeller rotational speed in the transition regime. The predictions are shown to fit very well data obtained for various non-Newtonian fluids mixed with helical ribbon agitators, and with literature data for anchor, blade turbine and flat disc agitators. The elasticity along with shear-thinning properties appear to have slight effects on the dimensionless mixing and circulation times in the transition regime, whereas their effects in the laminar regime are quite drastic, as reported by others.