固定化假丝酵母99-125脂肪酶催化酯化脂肪酸低碳醇酯反应条件的研究

以硅藻土和纺织品为载体 ,采用吸附法制备固定化脂肪酶 ,研究了固定化假丝酵母 99 1 2 5脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化脂肪酸低碳醇酯酯化合成过程中 ,有机溶剂性质、脂肪酸与低碳醇的结构、pH值、反应温度和体系含水量、低碳醇的抑制作用等因素对酯化过程的影响。试验结果表明 :底物低碳醇需要采用流加方式加入体系 ,石油醚是最适宜的有机溶剂 ,脂肪酸与醇的碳链越长 ,越易于酯化 ;固定化脂肪酶对直链醇的选择性优于支链醇。以石油醚为有机溶剂 ,在反应温度为 40℃、pH值为 7时 ,硬脂酸与甲醇的酯化率达 95 % ;反应后期应除去体系中的水以避免酶失活。固定化酶间歇催化油酸与甲醇的酯化时 ,重复使用 1 5次 (每次 2 4h) ,其操作半衰期约为 360h。     

微生物固定法降解含油污水的研究进展

随着微生物固定化技术的发展,越来越多的研究成果应用于环境治理领域。固定化技术在废水生物治理领域中具有独特的优势和巨大的潜力。本文主要介绍了吸附法和包埋法这两种固定化方法载体的选择和制备方法,探讨了固定化技术对微生物生理特性的影响,综述了固定化技术在修复石油污染方面的应用,总结了固定化微生物技术在实际应用中存在的不足。     

Mass‐transfer rate enhancement for CO2 separation by ionic liquids: Theoretical study on the mechanism

To promote the development of ionic liquid (IL) immobilized sorbents and supported IL membranes (SILMs) for CO₂ separation, the kinetics of CO₂ absorption/desorption in IL immobilized sorbents was studied using a novel method based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics. It shows that the apparent chemical‐potential‐based mass‐transfer coefficients of CO₂ were in three regions with three‐order difference in magnitude for the IL‐film thicknesses in microscale, 100 nm‐scale, and 10 nm‐scale. Using a diffusion‐reaction theory, it is found that by tailoring the IL‐film thickness from microscale to nanoscale, the process was altered from diffusion‐control to reaction‐control, revealing the inherent mechanism for the dramatic rate enhancement. The extension to SILMs shows that the significant improvement of CO₂ flux can be obtained theoretically for the membranes with nanoscale IL‐films, which makes it feasible to implement CO₂ separation by ILs with low investment cost. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 4437–4444, 2015     

Immobilization of α‐amylase in polyelectrolyte complexes

Herein, we report the formation of α‐amylase containing polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs). The method for the encapsulation of α‐amylase is based on interactions between two oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI). We could show that electrostatic interactions ensure the incorporation of the enzyme into the formed polyelectrolyte complexes. The encapsulation has no negative effect on enzyme activity and protects against denaturation of the enzyme initiated by low pH values. The resulting PECs are 150–250 nm in size with narrow size distribution, appear in a spherical shape and are colloidally stable. The complexation of both polyelectrolytes and the immobilization of α‐amylase are investigated using fractionating techniques mainly the analytical ultracentrifugation and asymmetrical‐flow field‐flow fractionation. The formation of PECs represents a simple method for the encapsulation of α‐amylase without the use of organic solvents and requires no additional purifications steps. This one‐step approach, yielding high encapsulation efficiencies, shows the potential as a drug delivery system for sensitive hydrophilic actives in future. α‐amylase is immobilized in polyelectrolyte complexes made of polyethylenimine and poly(acrylic acid). Optimized encapsulation conditions and the resulting polyelectrolyte complexes are investigated via determination of IEP, α‐amylase activity assays, nanoDSC measurements, zeta potential values, dynamic light scattering, microscopy, and fractionating techniques. The encapsulated enzyme is protected against denaturation initiated by low pH values. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45036.     

Dual,Site‐Specific Modification of Antibodies by Using Solid‐Phase Immobilized Microbial Transglutaminase

Microbial transglutaminase (MTG) was stably solid‐phase immobilized on glass microbeads by using a second‐generation dendronized polymer. Immobilized MTG enabled the efficient generation of site‐specifically conjugated proteins, including antibody fragments, as well as whole antibodies through distinct glutamines and, unprecedentedly, also through lysines with various bifunctional substrates with defined stoichiometries. With this method, we generated dual, site‐specifically modified antibodies comprising a fluorescent probe and a metal chelator for radiolabeling—a strategy anticipated to design antibodies for imaging and simultaneous therapy. Furthermore, we provide evidence that immobilized MTG features higher siteselectivity than soluble MTG.     

介孔分子筛SBA-15表面改性对脂肪酶固定化的强化作用

引言 脂肪酶可以催化酯水解或醇解、酯合成、酯交换、多肽合成及高聚物合成等多种有机反应,已被广泛应用于食品、精细化工及制药工业中[1].作为重要的生物催化剂,脂肪酶应用的有效性和经济性很大程度上取决于酶的固定化.     

以层柱黏土为载体固定辣根过氧化物酶

引 言 辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)能在较宽的温度、pH值、污染物浓度和盐度范围内将多种芳香性化合物催化氧化为酚氧自由基,它们之间可聚合生成溶解性较差的聚合物从溶液中沉淀出来,便于采用混凝法对其进行去除[1-2].许多学者将该酶用于含酚废水处理中,取得了较好的效果.然而,传统酶催化方法中使用的大多是溶液酶,不仅不能循环使用以节省费用,而且易受废水中其他污染物的影响,稳定性差,加上酶的费用较高,因此酶法在废水处理中尚未得到有效推广应用[3].国内外学者研究发现酶固定化后稳定性大大提高,可重复或连续使用,这样不仅降低了废水处理的成本,而且还避免了蛋白质的污染等问题[4].     

粉煤灰用于土壤聚合物固化重金属离子的研究

为了使土壤聚合物固化重金属离子比较理想效果,同时减少成本,本实验在土壤聚合物中掺加30%的粉煤灰固化重金属离子,结果表明:掺加 30% 粉煤灰的土壤聚合物对不同重金属离子有各自的理想固化量;综合抗压强度和浸出毒性两个方面,Cu2+、Zn2+ 和 Pb2+ 的理想固化量分别为2.O%、1.3%和1.4%;固化体具有良好的后期稳定性和抗酸性,可以满足我国酸雨比较严重的南方地区建材应用要求.总之,掺加 30% 粉煤灰的土壤聚合物固化重金属离子具有良好的经济效益和环境效益.